Mind map - Wikipedia

A mind map is a diagram used to visually organize information in a hierarchy, showing relationships among pieces of the whole. ... It is often created around a ... Mindmap FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Thisarticleisaboutthevisualdiagram.Forthegeographicalconcept,seeMentalmapping. Diagramtovisuallyorganizeinformation Amindmapaboutthecubitalfossaorelbowpit,includinganillustrationofthecentralconcept Informationmapping Topicsandfields Businessdecisionmapping Datavisualization Graphiccommunication Infographics Informationdesign Knowledgevisualization Mentalmodel Morphologicalanalysis Schema(psychology) Visualanalytics Visuallanguage Node–linkapproaches Argumentmap Cladistics Cognitivemap Conceptlattice Conceptmap Conceptualgraph Decisiontree Dendrogram Graphdrawing Hyperbolictree Hypertext Issuemap Issuetree Layeredgraphdrawing Mindmap Object-rolemodeling Ontology(informationscience) Organizationalchart Radialtree Semanticnetwork Sociogram Timeline Topicmap Treestructure Seealso Designrationale Diagrammaticreasoning Entity–relationshipmodel Geovisualization Listofconcept-andmind-mappingsoftware Olog Ontology Problemstructuringmethods SemanticWeb Treemapping Wickedproblem vte Amindmapisadiagramusedtovisuallyorganizeinformationinahierarchy,showingrelationshipsamongpiecesofthewhole.[1]Itisoftencreatedaroundasingleconcept,drawnasanimageinthecenterofablankpage,towhichassociatedrepresentationsofideassuchasimages,wordsandpartsofwordsareadded.Majorideasareconnecteddirectlytothecentralconcept,andotherideasbranchoutfromthosemajorideas. Mindmapscanalsobedrawnbyhand,eitheras"notes"duringalecture,meetingorplanningsession,forexample,orashigherqualitypictureswhenmoretimeisavailable.Mindmapsareconsideredtobeatypeofspiderdiagram.[2]Asimilarconceptinthe1970swas"ideasunbursting".[3] Contents 1Origins 1.1Popularization 2Differencesfromothervisualizations 3Research 3.1Effectiveness 3.2Features 3.3Automaticcreation 4Tools 5Gallery 6Seealso 7References 8Externallinks Origins[edit] ‹ Thetemplatebelow(Morecitationsneededsection)isbeingconsideredformerging.Seetemplatesfordiscussiontohelpreachaconsensus. › Thissectionneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.(May2017)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) Althoughtheterm"mindmap"wasfirstpopularizedbyBritishpopularpsychologyauthorandtelevisionpersonalityTonyBuzan,theuseofdiagramsthatvisually"map"informationusingbranchingandradialmapstracesbackcenturies.Thesepictorialmethodsrecordknowledgeandmodelsystems,andhavealonghistoryinlearning,brainstorming,memory,visualthinking,andproblemsolvingbyeducators,engineers,psychologists,andothers.SomeoftheearliestexamplesofsuchgraphicalrecordsweredevelopedbyPorphyryofTyros,anotedthinkerofthe3rdcentury,ashegraphicallyvisualizedtheconceptcategoriesofAristotle.PhilosopherRamonLlull(1235–1315)alsousedsuchtechniques. Thesemanticnetworkwasdevelopedinthelate1950sasatheorytounderstandhumanlearninganddevelopedfurtherbyAllanM.CollinsandM.RossQuillianduringtheearly1960s.Mindmapsaresimilarinstructuretoconceptmaps,developedbylearningexpertsinthe1970s,butdifferinthatmindmapsaresimplifiedbyfocusingaroundasinglecentralkeyconcept. Popularization[edit] Buzan'sspecificapproach,andtheintroductionoftheterm"mindmap",aroseduringa1974BBCTVserieshehosted,calledUseYourHead.[4][5]Inthisshow,andcompanionbookseries,Buzanpromotedhisconceptionofradialtree,diagrammingkeywordsinacolorful,radiant,tree-likestructure.[6] BuzansaystheideawasinspiredbyAlfredKorzybski'sgeneralsemanticsaspopularizedinsciencefictionnovels,suchasthoseofRobertA.HeinleinandA.E.vanVogt.Hearguesthatwhile"traditional"outlinesforcereaderstoscanlefttorightandtoptobottom,readersactuallytendtoscantheentirepageinanon-linearfashion.Buzan'streatmentalsousesthen-popularassumptionsaboutthefunctionsofcerebralhemispheresinordertoexplaintheclaimedincreasedeffectivenessofmindmappingoverotherformsofnotemaking. Differencesfromothervisualizations[edit] Conceptmaps:Mindmapsdifferfromconceptmapsinthatmindmapsarebasedonaradialhierarchy(treestructure)denotingrelationshipswithacentralconcept,[7]whereasconceptmapscanbemorefree-form,basedonconnectionsbetweenconceptsinmorediversepatterns.[8]Also,conceptmapstypicallyhavetextlabelsonthelinksbetweennodes.However,eithercanbepartofalargerpersonalknowledgebasesystem. Modelinggraphsorgraphicalmodelinglanguages:Thereisnorigorousrightorwrongwithmindmaps,whichrelyonthearbitrarinessofmnemonicassociationstoaidpeople'sinformationorganizationandmemory.Incontrast,amodelinggraphsuchasaUMLdiagramstructureselementsusingaprecisestandardizediconographytoaidthedesignofsystems. Research[edit] Effectiveness[edit] Cunningham(2005)conductedauserstudyinwhich80%ofthestudentsthought"mindmappinghelpedthemunderstandconceptsandideasinscience".[9]Otherstudiesalsoreportsomesubjectivepositiveeffectsontheuseofmindmaps.[10][11]Positiveopinionsontheireffectiveness,however,weremuchmoreprominentamongstudentsofartanddesignthaninstudentsofcomputerandinformationtechnology,with62.5%vs34%(respectively)agreeingthattheywereabletounderstandconceptsbetterwithmindmappingsoftware.[10]Farrand,Hussain,andHennessy(2002)foundthatspiderdiagrams(similartoconceptmaps)hadlimited,butsignificant,impactonmemoryrecallinundergraduatestudents(a10%increaseoverbaselinefora600-wordtextonly)ascomparedtopreferredstudymethods(a6%increaseoverbaseline).[12]Thisimprovementwasonlyrobustafteraweekforthoseinthediagramgroupandtherewasasignificantdecreaseinmotivationcomparedtothesubjects'preferredmethodsofnotetaking.Ametastudyaboutconceptmappingconcludedthatconceptmappingismoreeffectivethan"readingtextpassages,attendinglectures,andparticipatinginclassdiscussions".[13]Thesamestudyalsoconcludedthatconceptmappingisslightlymoreeffective"thanotherconstructiveactivitiessuchaswritingsummariesandoutlines".However,resultswereinconsistent,withtheauthorsnoting"significantheterogeneitywasfoundinmostsubsets".Inaddition,theyconcludedthatlow-abilitystudentsmaybenefitmorefrommindmappingthanhigh-abilitystudents. Features[edit] JoeranBeelandStefanLangerconductedacomprehensiveanalysisofthecontentofmindmaps.[14]Theyanalysed19,379mindmapsfrom11,179usersofthemindmappingapplicationsSciPloreMindMapping(nowDocear)andMindMeister.Resultsincludethataverageuserscreateonlyafewmindmaps(mean=2.7),averagemindmapsarerathersmall(31nodes)witheachnodecontainingaboutthreewords(median).However,therewereexceptions.Oneusercreatedmorethan200mindmaps,thelargestmindmapconsistedofmorethan50,000nodesandthelargestnodecontained~7,500words.Thestudyalsoshowedthatbetweendifferentmindmappingapplications(DocearvsMindMeister)significantdifferencesexistrelatedtohowuserscreatemindmaps. Automaticcreation[edit] Therehavebeensomeattemptstocreatemindmapsautomatically.Brucks&Schommercreatedmindmapsautomaticallyfromfull-textstreams.[15]Rothenbergeretal.extractedthemainstoryofatextandpresenteditasmindmap.[16]Andthereisapatentaboutautomaticallycreatingsub-topicsinmindmaps.[17] Tools[edit] Mind-mappingsoftwarecanbeusedtoorganizelargeamountsofinformation,combiningspatialorganization,dynamichierarchicalstructuringandnodefolding.Softwarepackagescanextendtheconceptofmind-mappingbyallowingindividualstomapmorethanthoughtsandideaswithinformationontheircomputersandtheInternet,likespreadsheets,documents,Internetsitesandimages.[18]Ithasbeensuggestedthatmind-mappingcanimprovelearning/studyefficiencyupto15%overconventionalnote-taking.[12] Gallery[edit] Thefollowingdozenexamplesofmindmapsshowtherangeofstylesthatamindmapmaytake,fromhand-drawntocomputer-generatedandfrommostlytexttohighlyillustrated.Despitetheirstylisticdifferences,alloftheexamplesshareatreestructurethathierarchicallyconnectssub-topicstoamaintopic. Seealso[edit] Educationportal Exquisitecorpse Graph(discretemathematics) Idea Mentalliteracy Nodalorganizationalstructure Personalwiki Rhizome(philosophy) Socialmap Spidermapping References[edit] ^CarolynH.Hopper,PracticingCollegeLearningStrategies,7thEdition,ISBN 9781305109599,Ch.7 ^"MindMapnoun-definitionintheBritishEnglishDictionary&Thesaurus-CambridgeDictionariesOnline".Dictionary.cambridge.org.Retrieved2013-07-10. ^"Whoinventedmindmapping".Mind-mapping.org.Retrieved2013-07-10. ^"Rootsofvisualmapping-Themind-mapping.orgBlog".Mind-mapping.org.2004-05-23.Retrieved2013-07-10. ^Buzan,Tony(1974).UseYourHead.London:BBCBooks. ^"Buzanclaimsmindmappinghisinventionininterview".KnowledgeBoard.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2010-02-13. ^Lanzing,Jan(January1998)."Conceptmapping:toolsforechoingthemindseye".JournalofVisualLiteracy.18(1):1–14(4).doi:10.1080/23796529.1998.11674524.Thedifferencebetweenconceptmapsandmindmapsisthatamindmaphasonlyonemainconcept,whileaconceptmapmayhaveseveral.Thismeansthatamindmapcanberepresentedinahierarchicaltreestructure. ^Romance,NancyR.;Vitale,MichaelR.(Spring1999)."Conceptmappingasatoolforlearning:broadeningtheframeworkforstudent-centeredinstruction".CollegeTeaching.47(2):74–79(78).doi:10.1080/87567559909595789.JSTOR 27558942.Shavelsonetal.(1994)identifiedanumberofvariationsofthegeneraltechniquepresentedherefordevelopingconceptmaps.Theseincludewhether(1)themapishierarchicalorfree-forminnature,(2)theconceptsareprovidedwithordeterminedbythelearner,(3)thestudentsareprovidedwithordeveloptheirownstructureforthemap,(4)thereisalimitonthenumberoflinesconnectingconcepts,and(5)theconnectinglinksmustresultintheformationofacompletesentencebetweentwonodes. ^GlennisEdgeCunningham(2005).Mindmapping:ItsEffectsonStudentAchievementinHighSchoolBiology(Ph.D.).TheUniversityofTexasatAustin. ^abBrianHolland;LyndaHolland;JennyDavies(2004)."Aninvestigationintotheconceptofmindmappingandtheuseofmindmappingsoftwaretosupportandimprovestudentacademicperformance".{{citejournal}}:Citejournalrequires|journal=(help) ^D'Antoni,A.V.;Zipp,G.P.(2006)."ApplicationsoftheMindMapLearningTechniqueinChiropracticEducation:APilotStudyandLiterature".{{citejournal}}:Citejournalrequires|journal=(help) ^abFarrand,P.;Hussain,F.;Hennessy,E.(2002)."Theefficacyofthemindmapstudytechnique".MedicalEducation.36(5):426–431.doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01205.x.PMID 12028392.S2CID 29278241.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2013-01-05.Retrieved2009-02-16. ^Nesbit,J.C.;Adesope,O.O.(2006)."Learningwithconceptandknowledgemaps:Ameta-analysis".ReviewofEducationalResearch.SagePublications.76(3):413–448.doi:10.3102/00346543076003413.S2CID 122082944. ^JoeranBeel,StefanLanger(2011)."AnExploratoryAnalysisofMindMaps"(PDF).Proceedingsofthe11thACMSymposiumonDocumentEngineering(DocEng'11).ACM.Retrieved1November2013. ^ClaudineBrucks,ChristophSchommer(2008)."AssemblingActor-basedMind-MapsfromTextStream".arXiv:0810.4616[cs.CL]. ^Rothenberger,T;Oez,S;Tahirovic,E;Schommer,Christoph(2008)."FiguringoutActorsinTextStreams:UsingCollocationstoestablishIncrementalMind-maps".arXiv:0803.2856.Bibcode:2008arXiv0803.2856R.{{citejournal}}:Citejournalrequires|journal=(help) ^RobertPlotkin(2009)."Softwaretoolforcreatingoutlinesandmindmapsthatgeneratessubtopicsautomatically".USPTOApplication:20090119584. ^Santos,Devin(15February2013)."Top10TotallyFreeMindMappingSoftwareTools".IMDevin.Archivedfromtheoriginalon7August2013.Retrieved10July2013. Externallinks[edit] MediarelatedtoMindmapsatWikimediaCommons vteGroupcreativitytechniques Brainstorming Nominalgrouptechnique Mindmap Affinitydiagram Multiple-criteriadecisionanalysis vteStrategicplanningtools Ansoffmatrix Balancedscorecard Competitoranalysis Growth–sharematrix Mindmap PESTanalysis Porter'sfiveforcesanalysis Scenarioplanning SWOTanalysis vteArgumentmapping,conceptmapping,andmindmappingsoftwareFOSS Dia Diagrams.net LibreOfficeDraw PGF/TikZ ToolkitforConceptualModeling ViewYourMind(VYM) Java-based Araucaria Compendium FreeMind Freeplane PlantUML VUE XMind ProprietaryDesktopapps 3DTopicscape CmapTools ConceptDrawDIAGRAM ConceptDrawMINDMAP MicrosoftVisio MindManager MindMapper OmniGraffle Qiqqa Semantica SmartDraw TheBrain Tinderbox VisualMind XMindPro yEd Webapps Coggle Debategraph Lucidchart Mind42 MindMeister MindMup Mindomo Prezi SmartDraw SpicyNodes Categories Argumentmapping Conceptmappingsoftware Mindmappingsoftware Visualthinking Knowledgerepresentation List Authoritycontrol:Nationallibraries Japan Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mind_map&oldid=1080963165" Categories:CreativitytechniquesStrategicmanagementBusinessplanningBusinesstermsKnowledgerepresentationGamesofmentalskillDesignEducationaltechnologyDiagramsNote-takingReading(process)ZoomableuserinterfacesEducationaldevicesMethodology1970sneologismsHiddencategories:CS1errors:missingperiodicalArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromMay2017AllarticlesneedingadditionalreferencesCommonscategorylinkisonWikidataArticlescontainingvideoclipsArticleswithNDLidentifiers Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommonsWikiversity Languages AfrikaansالعربيةAsturianuБългарскиBrezhonegCatalàČeštinaDanskDeutschEspañolEsperantoEuskaraفارسیFrançaisGalego한국어Հայերենहिन्दीHrvatskiBahasaIndonesiaÍslenskaItalianoעבריתJawaKurdîMagyarമലയാളംBahasaMelayuNederlands日本語NorskbokmålPolskiPortuguêsRomânăРусскийShqipසිංහලSimpleEnglishSuomiSvenskaதமிழ்ไทยTürkçeУкраїнськаTiếngViệt中文 Editlinks