C# | Properties - GeeksforGeeks

Properties are the special type of class members that provides a flexible mechanism to read, write, or compute the value of a private field. 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SaveArticle LikeArticle C#|PropertiesDifficultyLevel: EasyLastUpdated: 14Sep,2021BeforegoingonpropertiesletshavealookatwhytheconceptofpropertiescameintoC#?Theisbecauseoftworeasons: IfthemembersofaclassareprivatethenhowanotherclassinC#willbeabletoread,write,orcomputethevalueofthatfield.Ifthemembersoftheclassarepublicthenanotherclassmaymisusethatmember.Example: C#//C#programtoillustratetheproblems//withpublicandprivatemembersusingSystem; //publicclasspublicclassC1{         //publicdatamembers    publicintrn;    publicstringname;         //privatefield    //privateintmarks=35; } //anotherpublicclasspublicclassC2{     //MainMethodpublicstaticvoidMain(string[]args){         //CreatingobjectofC1class    C1obj=newC1();         //settingvaluestopublic    //datamembersofclassC1    obj.rn=10000;    obj.name=null;         //settingvaluestoprivate    //datamembersofclassC1    //obj.mark=0;         //displayresult    Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}\nRollNo:{1}",obj.name,obj.rn);     }}Output:  Name: RollNo:10000Explanation:InaboveyoucanseethatpublicmembersofclassC1canbeaccessedbyclassC2andusingtheobject“obj”ofC1itcanprovidethevaluestothememberslikeNameisgivenvaluenullbutwedon’twantthistobenull.C2cannotprovidethevaluetothemember“marks”becauseitisprivateinC1.Totesttheprivatememberaccessremovethecommentsandtrytorunandyoucanseethecompilerwillgiveanerror.TheProgramminglanguageswhichdonothaveproperties,usegetterandsettermethodstoprovidesuchaccessmechanism. UsingPropertiesPropertiesarethespecialtypeofclassmembersthatprovidesaflexiblemechanismtoread,write,orcomputethevalueofaprivatefield.Propertiescanbeusedasiftheyarepublicdatamembers,buttheyareactuallyspecialmethodscalledaccessors.Thisenablesdatatobeaccessedeasilyandhelpstopromotetheflexibilityandsafetyofmethods.Encapsulationandhidingofinformationcanalsobeachievedusingproperties.Itusespre-definedmethodswhichare“get”and“set”methodswhichhelptoaccessandmodifytheproperties.Accessors:Theblockof“set”and“get”isknownas“Accessors”.Itisveryessentialtorestricttheaccessibilityofproperty.Therearetwotypeofaccessorsi.e.getaccessorsandsetaccessors.Therearedifferenttypesofpropertiesbasedonthe“get”and“set”accessors: ReadandWriteProperties:Whenpropertycontainsbothgetandsetmethods.Read-OnlyProperties:Whenpropertycontainsonlygetmethod.WriteOnlyProperties:Whenpropertycontainsonlysetmethod.AutoImplementedProperties:WhenthereisnoadditionallogicinthepropertyaccessorsanditintroduceinC#3.0.ThesyntaxforDefiningProperties:  { get{//body} set{//body} }Where,canbepublic,private,protectedorinternal.canbeanyvalidC#type.canbeuser-defined.Propertiescanbedifferentaccessmodifierslikepublic,private,protected,internal.Accessmodifiersdefinehowusersoftheclasscanaccesstheproperty.Thegetandsetaccessorsforthesamepropertymayhavedifferentaccessmodifiers.Apropertymaybedeclaredasastaticpropertybyusingthestatickeywordormaybemarkedasavirtualpropertybyusingthevirtualkeyword.  GetAccessor:Itspecifiesthatthevalueofafieldcanaccesspublicly.Itreturnsasinglevalueanditspecifiestheread-onlyproperty.Example: classGeeks{ //Declareroll_nofield privateintroll_no; //Declareroll_noproperty publicintRoll_no { get { returnroll_no; } } }SetAccessor:Itwillspecifytheassignmentofavaluetoaprivatefieldinaproperty.Itreturnsasinglevalueanditspecifiesthewrite-onlyproperty. Example: classGeeks{ //Declareroll_nofield privateintroll_no; //Declareroll_noproperty publicintRoll_no { get { returnroll_no; } set { roll_no=value; } } }AccessorAccessibility  wecan’tuseaccessormodifiersonaninterfaceoranexplicitinterfacememberimplementation.wecanuseaccessormodifiersonlyifthepropertyhasbothsetandgetaccessors.Ifthepropertyisanoverridemodifier,theaccessormodifiermustmatchtheaccessoroftheoverriddenaccessor.Theaccessibilitylevelontheaccessormustbemorerestrictivethantheaccessibilitylevelontheproperty.Belowaretheprogramstodemonstratedifferenttypesofproperties:Program1:TodemonstratetheRead-Onlypropertyusing“get”accessor. C#//C#programtoillustratethe//read-onlypropertyusingSystem; publicclassStudent{     //Declarecounterfieldascnt    privatestaticintcnt;      //todefineconstructor    publicStudent()    {         //incrementthecounter        //usingconstructor        cnt++;    }      //Declarecounterproperty    publicstaticintCounter    {         //read-onlyproperty        get        {            returncnt;        }    }} classStudentTest{     //MainMethod    publicstaticvoidMain(string[]args)    {         //createthreeinstancesof        //Studentclassitcallconstructor        //threetimeswhichincreasethecounter        Students1=newStudent();        Students2=newStudent();        Students3=newStudent();          //s1.Counter=10;        //CompileTimeError:Can'tsetvalueof        //Counterbecauseitisreadonly.          Console.WriteLine("TotalNoofStudent:"+Student.Counter);          //ProgramGiveWarning        //Thevariable`s1'isassignedbutitsvalueisneverused    }}Output:  TotalNoofStudent:3Program2:Todemonstratethebothread&writepropertyusing“get”and“set”accessors. C#//C#programtoillustratethe//readandwritepropertyusingSystem; publicclassStudent{     //Declarenamefield    privatestringname="GeeksforGeeks";      //Declarenameproperty    publicstringName    {        get        {            returnname;        }         set        {            name=value;        }    }} classTestStudent{     //MainMethod    publicstaticvoidMain(string[]args)    {        Students=newStudent();          //callssetaccessorofthepropertyName,        //andpass"GFG"asvalueofthe        //standardfield'value'.        s.Name="GFG";          //displaysGFG,Callsthegetaccessor        //ofthepropertyName.        Console.WriteLine("Name:"+s.Name);    }}Output:  Name:GFG MyPersonalNotes 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