Pathological jealousy - Wikipedia

The most common cited forms of psychopathology in morbid jealousy are delusions and obsessions. It is considered a subtype of delusional disorder. Overvaluing ... Pathologicaljealousy FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Psychologicaldisorder Forpathologicaljealousyasobsessionaljealousy,seeObsessionaljealousy. Thisarticleneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.Findsources: "Pathologicaljealousy" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(December2011)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) Pathologicaljealousy,alsoknownasmorbidjealousy,Othellosyndromeordelusionaljealousy,isapsychologicaldisorderinwhichapersonispreoccupiedwiththethoughtthattheirspouseorsexualpartnerisbeingunfaithfulwithouthavinganyrealproof,[1]alongwithsociallyunacceptableorabnormalbehaviourrelatedtothesethoughts.[1]Themostcommoncitedformsofpsychopathologyinmorbidjealousyaredelusionsandobsessions.Itisconsideredasubtypeofdelusionaldisorder.[1] Overvaluinganidea,whichisdefinedas“anacceptable,comprehensibleideapursuedbythepatientbeyondtheboundsofreason.Theideaisnotresistedand,althoughitisnotadelusion,thepatientcharacteristicallyattachesutmostimportancetoinvestigatingandmaintainingthepartner’sfidelityatgreatpersonaldisadvantageandtothedistressofthepartner”.Overvaluedideasarecharacterizedbybeingexistentintheindividual'sownthoughts,beingegosyntonic;meaningthattheideasprojectthebehaviors,values,andfeelingsthatarealignedwiththedesiresandaimsoftheindividual'sego,orconsistentwiththeindividual'sidealself-image,theideasarealsoamenabletoreasonbutarenotresisted.[2] Contents 1Definition 2Psychiatrichistory 3Forms 4Causes 4.1Psychological 4.2Personality 4.3Environmental 5Epidemiology 6Triggers 7Associateddrugandalcoholuse 8Assessment 9Management 10Risksassociated 10.1Confirmatorybehaviors 10.2Harmtoself 10.3Risktoothers 10.4Risktochildren 11Seealso 12References 13Sources 14Furtherreading Definition[edit] Thisdisorderoccurswhenapersontypicallymakesrepeatedaccusationsthattheirspouseorsexualpartnerisbeingunfaithful,basedoninsignificant,minimal,ornoevidence,oftencitingseeminglynormaloreverydayeventsormaterialtobackuptheirclaims. Unlikeotherdelusionaldisorders,peoplewhosufferfromthisdisorderhaveastrongassociationwithstalking,cyberstalking,sabotage,orevenviolence.Itcanbefoundinthecontextofschizophreniaanddelusionaldisorder,suchasbipolardisorder,butisalsoassociatedwithalcoholismandsexualdysfunctionandhasbeenreportedafterneurologicalillness(i.e.Parkinson's). Thename"OthelloSyndrome"comesfromthecharacterinShakespeare'splayOthello,whomurdershiswifeasaresultofafalsebeliefthatshehasbeenunfaithful.Recently,somepsychologistsandpsychiatristshaveassertedthatOthellowasdeceivedratherthandeludedaboutDesdemona'sallegedinfidelityandthusdidnothave‘theOthelloSyndrome’.[3] Psychiatrichistory[edit] Presentingdifficulties:neuroticorpsychoticjealousy Pastpsychiatrichistory:neuroticorpsychoticdisorders,deliberateself-harmandattemptedsuicide Familyhistory:mentalillnessincludingpathologicaljealousy Relationshiphistory:incorporatingboththecurrentandpreviousrelationshipandtakingaccountofthequalityoftherelationshipsandthedifficultiesexperienced Forensichistory:previousandpendingchargesandconvictionsaswellasdeviantbehaviorwhichwasnotreportedordidnotresultinachargeorconviction(includingaggressivebehaviorandstalking) Medicalhistory:organiccauseswhichmayberesponsibleforthemorbidjealousy(i.e.Parkinson's)[1] Forms[edit] Obsessions:theindividual'sownthoughtsareegodystonic;theyareacknowledgedtobesenseless,andusuallyresisted.Jealousthoughtsareexperiencedasintrusiveandexcessive,andcompulsivebehaviorsuchascheckingupontheirpartnermayfollow.Egodystonicity(thedistresscausedbythoughtsthatareunwantedandviewedascontrarytoconsciouswishes)generallyvariesalargeamountbetweenpatientsand“acontinuumfromobsessionaltodelusional,whichmorbidjealousyhasbeensuggested”(Insel&Akiskal1986). Extremeobsessions:muchtimeistakenupbyjealousconcerns,andthereisagreatdifficultyinputtingtheconcernsoutofthemind.Impairmentoftherelationship,limitationofthepartner'sfreedomandcheckingonthepartner'sbehaviormayoccur.Althoughadistinctionwasoccasionallydifficulttomake,thecategoriesof‘psychotic’(delusional)and‘neurotic’jealousycontainedsimilarproportions(eachbetweenone-thirdandone-half).[1] Delusions:theindividual'sownthoughtsareegosyntonic;theyareregardedastrue,andnotresisted.[1]Someauthorscomparemorbidjealousytoadelusionalstate(e.g.Enoch&Trethowan,1979).Beliefsmayincludethemorbidlyjealoussubjects'suspicionthat:1.heorsheisbeingpoisonedorgivensomesubstance(s)todecreasesexualpotencybythepartner,2.thatthepartnerhascontractedasexuallytransmitteddiseasefromathirdparty3.isengaginginsexualintercoursewithathirdpartywhilethesubjectsleeps. Causes[edit] Psychological[edit] Therearemanypsychologicalcausesthatgoalongwithmorbidjealousy.Somepeopleequatemorbidjealousywithadelusionalstate.“Delusionsofinfidelityexistwithoutanyotherpsychopathologyandmaybeconsideredtobemorbidjealousyinits‘purest’form”(KinghamandGordon).Formorbidjealousytooccurone'smemoriesaresubconsciouslychangedandtheirpartner'sactionsaremisinterpretedaswelltotheextentthatthepersonisabsolutelyconvincedofbetrayalfromthepartner.Itisthoughtthatevensomebraindisordersmighteventuallyleadtodelusionsofbetrayal.IthasalsobeenrecordedbyCobb(1979)“thatmorbidjealousymaybepresentwithalltypesofcerebralinsultorinjury.”[4]"Ithasbeensuggestedthatmorbidjealousymaypotentiallyariseinresponsetoreducedsexualfunction”.Cobb(1979)drewattentiontotheelderlymanwhosewaningsexualpowerswereinsufficienttosatisfyayoungerwife. Mullen(1990)consideredmorbidjealousytobeassociatedwithfourfeatures:[fullcitationneeded] Anunderlyingmentaldisorderemergesbeforeorwiththejealousy Thefeaturesoftheunderlyingdisordercoexistwiththejealousy Thecourseofmorbidjealousycloselyrelatestothatoftheunderlyingdisorder Thejealousyhasnobasisinreality Personality[edit] Peoplewhoareveryinsecure,orevenfearful,aremorelikelytobecomeanxious,orquestiontheirpartner'scommitmenttothem.“Insecureattachmentstylecorrelatesstronglywithborderlinepersonalitydisorder”(KinghamandGordon). Environmental[edit] Somepeopleevenbelievethatsomeonewhoismorbidlyjealousmightsuspectthatheorsheisbeingdruggedorgivensomekindofsubstancethatmightdecreasetheirsexualpotency,ortheymightevenbeundertheimpressionthattheirsignificantotherhassomehowreceivedasexuallytransmitteddiseasefromanotherpersonwhilethesubjectisunaware.[5] Epidemiology[edit] Thereisnoknownprevalenceofmorbidjealousy;currentlythereisnocommunitysurveytrackingitsexistenceinindividuals.Asoflate,itisconsideredtobearareoccurrence.[6]Still,manycounselorsencountercasesofmorbidjealousy.Somecliniciansmayneverbeabletotreatthisconditionduetootherdominatingpsychopathologiespresentwithinthejealouspersonthatcallformoreattention. Menandwomendifferdramaticallywhenitcomestomorbidjealousy.Menwhosufferfrommorbidjealousyaremorelikelythanwomentouseviolenceandalsoaremorelikelytoharmorkillwiththeirhandsratherthanabluntobject.Womenontheotherhand,whenusingviolence,tendtouseabluntobjectorknife.[7]Menfocusontherival'sstatusandresourceswhenitcomestothethreatofjealousytheyfear.Womentendtobecomemorejealousofapotentialthreatontheirrival'syouthandphysicalattractiveness.[8] Triggers[edit] Formenthestrongesttriggerissexualinfidelityandwithwomenthestrongesttriggerisemotionalinfidelity.Ifpartner-relatedviolencedoesnotstopinfidelityfromhappening,themalematewillsometimesresorttosuicideinstead.Thefinalresorttostoppinginfidelityinsideofmorbidjealousyistocommitpartnermurder.Womenaremuchlesslikelytokilltheirpartner,unlessitisinself-defense.Morbidjealousycanoccurinanumberofconditionssuchaschronicalcoholism,addictiontosubstancesotherthanalcohol(i.e.cocaine,amphetamines,marijuana.),organicbraindisorders(i.e.Parkinson's,Huntington's),schizophrenia,neurosis,affectivedisturbancesorpersonalitydisorders.[9] Associateddrugandalcoholuse[edit] Alcoholanddrugmisusehasawell-recognizedassociationwithmorbidjealousy.“Intwostudies,morbidjealousywaspresentin27%and34%respectivelyofmenrecruitedfromalcoholtreatmentservices”(Shresthaetal.,1985;Michaeletal.,1995).Amphetamineandcocaineincreasethepossibilityofadelusionofinfidelitythatcancontinueafterintoxicationstops.(Shepherd,1961). Assessment[edit] Inanattempttocounselortreatthemorbidjealousyofanindividual,properandthoroughassessmentmustbeemployed.Thisapproachisbroadinnature,butnecessarysoastoprovideadequateinformationthatwillaidinthepossiblereparationofadynamiccontainingamorbidlyjealousperson.Tobegin,acarefulhistoryshouldbetakenofbothpartnersifpossible;separateandtogether.Itisimperativethatafullanddetailedpsychiatrichistoryandmentalstateexaminationberecordedforthejealouspartner;doingsomayenableonetodistinguishwhetherthejealousyisobsessionalordelusionalinnature.Itisalsopossiblethatthejealousymaybetheresultofathoughtthathasbeengiventoomuchimportance.Consideringthatjealousyisaverydelicateissue,anyreferencemadetoitshouldbeapproachedcarefullyandwithtact.Itmustbekeptinmindthatthejealousindividualmaybedisplacingblamefortheirissuesontotheirpartnerandtheirallegedinfidelityasopposedtotheirownbehavior.Ifthereisanyhistoryofrelevantorrelatedmentalillnessandsubstancemisuseitshouldbenotedasitmaypossiblybeacontributingoraidingfactor.Inordertogetthebestgraspontheissuesandbeginpositiveprogression,multipleinterviewsshouldbeheldtoassessthemaritalrelationship.[10] Aftercompletingtheassessment,itisbesttodeliverinformationaboutriskwithbothindividualsintherelationship.Duetoconfidentiality,thepatientshouldgiveconsentforthisinformationtobesharedunlessthereisarisktoanotherindividualanditisseriousandimmediate.Thisistheonlycaseinwhichconfidentialityisinvalid.Theprofessionalshouldensurethatallnecessarystepsaretakentoguaranteethesafetyofapotentialvictim,keepinginmindthatitispossiblethatauthoritiesmayhavetobealertedregardingthematter.Iftheprofessionalhasreasontobelievethatthereisahighriskofharmtothemselvesoranotherperson,theindividualwhoismorbidlyjealousshouldbeadmittedtohospitalassoonaspossibletopreventanynegativeoutcomesforanypartiesinvolved.[10] Management[edit] Morbidjealousyencompassesvariouspsychiatricstatesandthebestwaytoapproachtreatmentdependsonthesymptomsthatareobservedintheindividual.Therefore,prognosisandoutcomesvaryfrompersontopersonanddependsonthesituationandthecomplexitiesoftheinterpersonalrelationshipsbeingobserved.Also,otherissuesthatmayexacerbatethenegativeaspectsoftheenvironmentcreatedbyjealousbehaviorneedtobeaddressedinordertobeginreparations.Forexample,ifalcoholismplaysaroleinthebehaviorofthemorbidlyjealousindividual,treatmentoftheiraddictioncanpositivelyaffecttheirprogressintryingtochangetheirjealousnature.Whilepsychotherapycanbeaneffectivemethodoftreatingmorbidlyjealouspersons,itisnotsufficientwhenthenatureoftheirillnessismoreserious.[11]Itisnotpossibletosaythatthereisoneformoftreatmentthatissuperioroverallthosethatarecurrentlyavailable.[12]Eventhoughthismaybetrue,cognitivebehavioraltherapyisthetreatmentthathasproventobemosteffective.[13] Medical Treatmentoftheprimarypsychiatriccondition Antipsychoticmedication Antidepressantmedication Psychological Psychoeducationfortheaffectedpersonandthepartner Behavioraltherapy Cognitivetherapy Individualpsychotherapy Insightorientedpsychotherapies Familytherapy Coupletherapy Social Geographicalseparationofthepartners Socialworkinvolvementforchildprotectionissues Alcoholandsubstancemisusetreatment[9] Risksassociated[edit] Confirmatorybehaviors[edit] Whensuspicionsofthepartner'sfidelityarise,theyquicklybecomeallthatisthoughtabout.Certainbehaviors,suchasinterrogationofthepartner,repeatedtelephonecallstoworkandsurprisevisits,stalkingbehavior,settinguprecordingdevicesinthehomeorwork,orhiringaprivatedetectivetofollowthepartner,areallcommonintryingtodetermineifthereistrulyinfidelityorifitisjustperceived.Individualsthatarejealousmaytakedrasticmeasures,suchassearchingthepartner'sclothingandbelongings,lookthroughdiariesandothercommunicationmethods(email,textmessaging),orexaminingbedsheets,undergarmentsandevengenitaliaforevidenceofsexualactivity. Harmtoself[edit] Suicidalthoughtsarecommoninmorbidjealousy,especiallybecauseofitsassociationwithdepressionandsubstanceabuse. Risktoothers[edit] Violencecanoccurinanyrelationshiptaintedwithjealousy,eithernormalormorbidjealousy.InarecentstudyofjealousybyMullen&Martinin1994,15%ofbothmenandwomenreportedthatatsometimetheyhadbeen“subjectedtophysicalviolenceatthehandsofajealouspartner.”Culturally,jealousymaybeevenusedto“justifyviolencetowardspartners.”Victimsinahomicidecasearemostlikelytobecurrentorex-partnersinbothfemaleandmaleperpetrators. Whenapartnerrepeatedlydeniesinfidelity,thismayprovokeangerandextremeviolence.Ontheotherhand,thepartnerthatissufferingmaygiveupandgiveafalseconfession,whichinturnmostlikelywillprovokerageinthejealousindividual.IntheU.S.asamplewastakenof20participantswithdelusionaljealousy.19weremaleandSilva(1998)foundthat13hadthreatenedtokilltheirspousebecauseoftheirperceivedinfidelity.Ofthe13males,nineactuallyattackedtheirspouse.Outofthe20,aweaponwasusedbythreeofthem,and12hadharmedtheirspouse. Apresenceofparanoiddelusionsandhallucinationsofinjurytothespouseweremostoftenassociatedwithviolence.Thissuggeststhatindividualsthatsufferfromdelusionaljealousythatpartakeinviolencemaybesolelydrivenbypsychoticphenomena.Ahigherriskofassaultwasassociatedwithalcoholconsumption. Risktochildren[edit] Childrenthatliveinahouseholdwithaparentthatsuffersfrommorbidjealousymaysufferemotionaland/orphysicalabuseasadirectresultoftheactionsmadebytheparent.Childrenmayalsoaccidentallyoverhearargumentsorwitnessphysicalviolencebetweentheirparents.Theycouldevenbepotentiallyaccidentallyinjuredduringassaults.Themorbidlyjealousparentmayemployachildormorethanonetospyontheotherparent.Itisnotoutofthequestionforachildtowitnessahomicideorsuicidewheretheirparentisthevictim. Seealso[edit] Abusivepowerandcontrol Envy Isolationtofacilitateabuse MarthaMitchelleffect References[edit] ^abcdefKingham,Michael;Gordon,Harvey(2004-05-01)."Aspectsofmorbidjealousy".AdvancesinPsychiatricTreatment.10(3):207–215.doi:10.1192/apt.10.3.207.ISSN 2056-4678. ^"PathologicalJealousy:ItsSymptomsandDefinition".24October2012. ^Crichton,P.DidOthellohave'theOthelloSyndrome?JournalofForensicPsychiatry&Psychology.1996;7(1):161-9. ^Cobb,J(1979)."Morbidjealousy".BritishJournalofHospitalMedicine.21(5):511–518.PMID 573647. ^Kingham,M.andGordon,H.Advancesinpsychiatrictreatment.Aspectsofmorbidjealous.http://apt.rcpsych.org/content/10/3/207.full.pdf+html ^Enoch,M.D(1979).UncommonPsychiatricSyndromes.Bristol:JohnWright.pp. 25–40. ^Easton,Judith,andToddShackelford.MorbidJealousyandSexDifferencesinPartner-DirectedViolence.HumanNature20.3(2009):342-350.AcademicSearchPremier.EBSCO.Web.27Oct.2011. ^Easton,J.A.;Schipper,L.D.;Shackelford,T.K.(2007)."MorbidJealousyfromanEvolutionaryPsychologicalPerspective".EvolutionandHumanBehavior.28(6):399–402.doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.05.005. ^abMorbidJealousy:TheGreenEyedMonster.http://www.ijpm.org/Mod5.pdfArchived2015-05-01attheWaybackMachine ^abKingham,Michael;Gordon,Harvey(2004)."Aspectsofmorbidjealousy".AdvancesinPsychiatricTreatment.10(3):207–215.doi:10.1192/apt.10.3.207. ^Shephard,Michael(1961)."MorbidJealousy:Someclinicalandsocialaspectsofapsychiatricsymptom".JournalofMentalScience.107(449):687–753.doi:10.1192/bjp.107.449.687. ^DeSteno,D.A.;Valdesolo,P.;Barlett,M.Y.(2006)."Jealousyandthethreatenedself:Gettingtotheheartofthegreeneyedmonster".JournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.91(4):626–641.doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.626.PMID 17014289. ^Kellett,Stephen;Totterdell,Peter(2013)."Tamingthegreen-eyedmonster:Temporalresponsivelytocognitivebehaviouralandcognitiveanalytictherapyformorbidjealousy".Psychology&Psychotherapy:Theory,Research&Practice.86(1):52–69.doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.2011.02045.x.PMID 23386555. Sources[edit] Enoch,D.&Ball,H.(2001)TheOthelloSyndrome.InEnoch,D.&Ball,H.Uncommonpsychiatricsyndromes(fourthedition)pp50–73.London:Arnold.ISBN 0-340-76388-4 Furtherreading[edit] Easton,J.A.;Shackelford,T.K.;Schipper,L.D.(2008)."DelusionalDisorder--JealousType:HowInclusivearetheDSM-IVDiagnosticCriteria?"(PDF).JournalofClinicalPsychology.64(3):264–275.doi:10.1002/jclp.20442.PMID 18257054. Easton,J.A.;Schipper,L.D.;Shackelford,T.K.(2007)."Morbidjealousyfromanevolutionarypsychologicalperspective"(PDF).EvolutionandHumanBehavior.28(6):399–402.doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.05.005.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on2008-12-02. Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pathological_jealousy&oldid=1104181141" Categories:JealousyDelusionsHiddencategories:WebarchivetemplatewaybacklinksArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionmatchesWikidataArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromDecember2011AllarticlesneedingadditionalreferencesAllarticleswithincompletecitationsArticleswithincompletecitationsfromJanuary2015 Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Languages العربيةAzərbaycancaবাংলাDeutschΕλληνικάEspañolEuskara한국어ItalianoMagyarNederlands日本語PolskiRomânăසිංහලSimpleEnglish中文 Editlinks