What is Programming Language - Javatpoint

A programming language is a computer language that is used by programmers (developers) to communicate with computers. It is a set of instructions written in any ... ⇧SCROLLTOTOP Home Blog Python Java JavaScript XML C EmbeddedSystem SQL HTML CSS Android Quiz Projects InterviewQ Comment Forum Blog BlogFiles next→ ←prev ProgrammingLanguage Asweknow,tocommunicatewithaperson,weneedaspecificlanguage,similarlytocommunicatewithcomputers,programmersalsoneedalanguageiscalledProgramminglanguage. Beforelearningtheprogramminglanguage,let'sunderstandwhatislanguage? WhatisLanguage? Languageisamodeofcommunicationthatisusedtoshareideas,opinionswitheachother.Forexample,ifwewanttoteachsomeone,weneedalanguagethatisunderstandablebybothcommunicators. WhatisaProgrammingLanguage? Aprogramminglanguageisacomputerlanguagethatisusedbyprogrammers(developers)tocommunicatewithcomputers.Itisasetofinstructionswritteninanyspecificlanguage(C,C++,Java,Python)toperformaspecifictask. Aprogramminglanguageismainlyusedtodevelopdesktopapplications,websites,andmobileapplications. Typesofprogramminglanguage 1.Low-levelprogramminglanguage Low-levellanguageismachine-dependent(0sand1s)programminglanguage.Theprocessorrunslow-levelprogramsdirectlywithouttheneedofacompilerorinterpreter,sotheprogramswritteninlow-levellanguagecanberunveryfast. Low-levellanguageisfurtherdividedintotwoparts- i.MachineLanguage Machinelanguageisatypeoflow-levelprogramminglanguage.Itisalsocalledasmachinecodeorobjectcode.Machinelanguageiseasiertoreadbecauseitisnormallydisplayedinbinaryorhexadecimalform(base16)form.Itdoesnotrequireatranslatortoconverttheprogramsbecausecomputersdirectlyunderstandthemachinelanguageprograms. Theadvantageofmachinelanguageisthatithelpstheprogrammertoexecutetheprogramsfasterthanthehigh-levelprogramminglanguage. ii.AssemblyLanguage Assemblylanguage(ASM)isalsoatypeoflow-levelprogramminglanguagethatisdesignedforspecificprocessors.Itrepresentsthesetofinstructionsinasymbolicandhuman-understandableform.Itusesanassemblertoconverttheassemblylanguagetomachinelanguage. Theadvantageofassemblylanguageisthatitrequireslessmemoryandlessexecutiontimetoexecuteaprogram. 2.High-levelprogramminglanguage High-levelprogramminglanguage(HLL)isdesignedfordevelopinguser-friendlysoftwareprogramsandwebsites.Thisprogramminglanguagerequiresacompilerorinterpretertotranslatetheprogramintomachinelanguage(executetheprogram). Themainadvantageofahigh-levellanguageisthatitiseasytoread,write,andmaintain. High-levelprogramminglanguageincludesPython,Java,JavaScript,PHP,C#,C++,ObjectiveC,Cobol,Perl,Pascal,LISP,FORTRAN,andSwiftprogramminglanguage. Ahigh-levellanguageisfurtherdividedintothreeparts- i.ProceduralOrientedprogramminglanguage ProceduralOrientedProgramming(POP)languageisderivedfromstructuredprogrammingandbasedupontheprocedurecallconcept.Itdividesaprogramintosmallprocedurescalledroutinesorfunctions. ProceduralOrientedprogramminglanguageisusedbyasoftwareprogrammertocreateaprogramthatcanbeaccomplishedbyusingaprogrammingeditorlikeIDE,AdobeDreamweaver,orMicrosoftVisualStudio. TheadvantageofPOPlanguageisthatithelpsprogrammerstoeasilytracktheprogramflowandcodecanbereusedindifferentpartsoftheprogram. TheadvantageofPOPlanguageisthatithelpsprogrammerstoeasilytracktheprogramflowandcodecanbereusedindifferentpartsoftheprogram. Example:C,FORTRAN,Basic,Pascal,etc. ii.Object-OrientedProgramminglanguage Object-OrientedProgramming(OOP)languageisbasedupontheobjects.Inthisprogramminglanguage,programsaredividedintosmallpartscalledobjects.Itisusedtoimplementreal-worldentitieslikeinheritance,polymorphism,abstraction,etcintheprogramtomakestheprogramresusable,efficient,andeasy-to-use. Themainadvantageofobject-orientedprogrammingisthatOOPisfasterandeasiertoexecute,maintain,modify,aswellasdebug. Note:Object-OrientedProgramminglanguagefollowsabottom-upapproach. Example:C++,Java,Python,C#,etc. iii.Naturallanguage NaturallanguageisapartofhumanlanguagessuchasEnglish,Russian,German,andJapanese.Itisusedbymachinestounderstand,manipulate,andinterprethuman'slanguage.Itisusedbydeveloperstoperformtaskssuchastranslation,automaticsummarization,NamedEntityRecognition(NER),relationshipextraction,andtopicsegmentation. Themainadvantageofnaturallanguageisthatithelpsuserstoaskquestionsinanysubjectanddirectlyrespondwithinseconds. 3.Middle-levelprogramminglanguage Middle-levelprogramminglanguageliesbetweenthelow-levelprogramminglanguageandhigh-levelprogramminglanguage.Itisalsoknownastheintermediateprogramminglanguageandpseudo-language. Amiddle-levelprogramminglanguage'sadvantagesarethatitsupportsthefeaturesofhigh-levelprogramming,itisauser-friendlylanguage,andcloselyrelatedtomachinelanguageandhumanlanguage. Example:C,C++,language MostcommonlyusedProgrammingLanguage Asweallknow,theprogramminglanguagemakesourlifesimpler.Currently,allsectors(likeeducation,hospitals,banks,automobiles,andmore)completelydependupontheprogramminglanguage. Therearedozensofprogramminglanguagesusedbytheindustries.Somemostwidelyusedprogramminglanguagesaregivenbelow- 1.Python Pythonisoneofthemostwidelyuseduser-friendlyprogramminglanguages.Itisanopen-sourceandeasytolearnprogramminglanguagedevelopedinthe1990s.ItismostlyusedinMachinelearning,Artificialintelligence,BigData,GUIbaseddesktopapplications,andRobotics. Advantages Pythoniseasytoread,easytounderstand,andeasytowrite. ItintegrateswithotherprogramminglanguageslikeC,C++,andJava. Pythonexecutescodeline-by-line,soitiseasyfortheprogrammertofindtheerrorthatoccurredinthecode. Pythonisplatform-independentmeansyoucanwritecodeonceandrunitanywhere. Disadvantages Pythonisnotsuitablefordevelopingmobileapplicationsandgames. Pythonworkswiththeinterpreter.That'swhyitisslowerthanotherprogramminglanguageslikeCandC++. 2.Java Javaisasimple,secure,platform-independent,reliable,architecture-neutralhigh-levelprogramminglanguagedevelopedbySunMicrosystemsin1995.Now,JavaisownedbyOracle.Itismainlyusedtodevelopbank,retail,informationtechnology,android,bigdata,researchcommunity,web,anddesktopapplications. Advantages Javaiseasytowrite,compile,learn,anddebugascomparedtootherprogramminglanguages. Itprovidesanabilitytorunthesameprogramondifferentplatforms. Itisahighlysecuredprogramminglanguagebecauseinjava,thereisnoconceptofexplicitpointers. Itiscapableofperformingmultipletasksatthesametime. Disadvantages JavaconsumesmorememoryandslowerthanotherprogramminglanguageslikeCorC++. Itdoesnotprovideabackupfacility. 3.C Cisapopular,simple,andflexiblegeneral-purposecomputerprogramminglanguage.DennisMRitchiedevelopsitin1972atAT&T.Itisacombinationofbothlow-levelprogramminglanguageaswellasahigh-levelprogramminglanguage.ItisusedtodesignapplicationslikeTextEditors,Compilers,Networkdevices,andmanymore. Advantages Clanguageiseasytolearn. Itisfast,efficient,portable,easytoextend,powerful,andflexibleprogramminglanguage. ItisusedtoperformcomplexcalculationsandoperationssuchasMATLAB. Itprovidesdynamicmemoryallocationtoallocatememoryattheruntime. Disadvantages IntheCprogramminglanguage,itisverydifficulttofindtheerrors. Cdoesnotsupporttheconceptsofconstructors,destructors,abstraction,polymorphism,encapsulation,andnamespacelikeOOPs. 4.C++ C++isoneofthethousandsofprogramminglanguagesthatweusetodevelopsoftware.C++programminglanguageisdevelopedbyBjarneStroustrupin1980.ItissimilartotheCprogramminglanguagebutalsoincludessomeadditionalfeaturessuchasexceptionhandling,object-orientedprogramming,typechecking,etc. Advantages C++isasimpleandportablestructuredprogramminglanguage. ItsupportsOOPsfeaturessuchasAbstraction,Inheritance,Encapsulation. Itprovideshigh-levelabstractionandusefulforalow-levelprogramminglanguage,andmoreefficientforgeneral-purpose. C++ismorecompatiblewiththeClanguage. Disadvantages C++programminglanguageisnotsecuredascomparedtootherprogramminglanguageslikeJavaorPython. C++cannotsupportgarbagecollection. Itisdifficulttodebuglargeaswellascomplexwebapplications. 5.C# C#(pronouncedasCsharp)isamodern,general-purpose,andobject-orientedprogramminglanguageusedwithXMLbasedWebservicesonthe.NETplatform.Itismainlydesignedtoimproveproductivityinwebapplications.ItiseasiertolearnforthoseuserswhohavesufficientknowledgeofcommonprogramminglanguageslikeC,C++,orJava. Advantages C#isamodern,type-safe,easy,fast,andopen-sourceprogramminglanguagethatiseasilyintegratedwithWindows. ThemaintenanceofC#(Csharp)islowerthantheC++programminglanguage. C#isapureobject-orientedprogramminglanguage. C#includesastrongmemorybackupfacility.That'swhyitavoidstheproblemofmemoryleakage. Disadvantages C#islessflexiblebecauseitiscompletelybasedonMicrosoft.Netframework. InC#,itisdifficulttowrite,understand,debug,andmaintainmultithreadedapplications. 6.JavaScript JavaScriptisatypeofscriptinglanguagethatisusedonbothclient-sideaswellasaserver-side.Itisdevelopedinthe1990sfortheNetscapeNavigatorwebbrowser.Itallowsprogrammerstoimplementcomplexfeaturestomakewebpagesalive.Ithelpsprogrammerstocreatedynamicwebsites,servers,mobileapplications,animatedgraphics,games,andmore. Advantage JavaScripthelpsustoaddbehaviorandinteractivityonthewebpage. Itcanbeusedtodecreasetheloadingtimefromtheserver. Ithastheabilitytocreateattractive,dynamicwebsites,andrichinterfaces. JavaScriptisasimple,versatile,andlightweightprogramminglanguage. JavaScriptanditssyntaxareeasytounderstand. Disadvantage JavaScriptiscompletelybasedonthebrowser. Itdoesnotsupportmultipleinheritance. Itislesssecurecomparedtootherprogramminglanguages. 7.R Currently,Rprogrammingisoneofthepopularprogramminglanguagesthatisusedindataanalytics,scientificresearch,machinelearningalgorithms,andstatisticalcomputing.Itisdevelopedin1993byRossIhakaandRobertGentleman.Ithelpsmarketersanddatascientiststoeasilyanalyze,present,andvisualizedata. Advantages RprogrammingprovidesextensivesupportforDataWrangling. Itprovidesaneasy-to-useinterface. ItrunsonanyplatformlikeWindows,Linux,andMac. Itisanopen-sourceandplatform-independentprogramminglanguage. Disadvantages Rprogrammingdoesnotsupport3Dgraphics. Itisslowerthanotherprogramminglanguages. 8.PHP PHPstandsforHypertextPreprocessor.Itisanopen-source,powerfulserver-sidescriptinglanguagemainlyusedtocreatestaticaswellasdynamicwebsites.ItisdevelopedbyRasmusLairdin1994.Insidethephp,wecanalsowriteHTML,CSS,andJavaScriptcode.Tosavephpfile,fileextension.phpisused. Advantages PHPisamoresecureandeasy-to-useprogramminglanguage. Itsupportspowerfulonlinelibraries. ItcanberunonavarietyofoperatingsystemssuchasWindows,Linux,andMac. Itprovidesexcellentcompatibilitywithcloudservices. Disadvantages PHPisnotcapableofhandlingalargenumberofapplicationsandnotsuitableforlargeapplications. Itisquitedifficulttomaintain. 9.Go GoorGolangisanopen-sourceprogramminglanguage.Itisusedtobuildsimple,reliable,andefficientsoftware.ItisdevelopedbyRobertGriesemer,RobPike,andKenThompsonin2007. Advantages Golanguageiseasy-to-learnanduse. Itcomeswiththein-builttestingtools. Goisafastprogramminglanguage. Disadvantages Golanguagedoesnotsupportgenerics. Itdoesnotsupporterrorhandling. Itsupportsalackofframeworks. 10.Ruby Rubyisanopen-source,general-purpose,andpureobject-orientedprogramminglanguagereleasedin1993.Itisusedinfront-endandback-endwebdevelopment.ItismainlydesignedtowriteCGI(CommonGatewayInterface)scripts. Advantages RubysupportsvariousGUI(GraphicalUserInterface)toolslikeGTKandOpenGL. Itisusedtodevelopbothinternetaswellasintranetapplications. ThecodewritteninRubyissmallandcontainslessnumberoflines. Disadvantages Rubyisslowerthanotherprogramminglanguages. ItisverydifficultforprogrammerstodebugthecodewritteninRuby. 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