John Tukey - Wikipedia

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John Wilder Tukey was an American mathematician and statistician, best known for the development of the fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm and box plot. JohnTukey FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Americanmathematician "Tukey"redirectshere.Forotheruses,seeTukey(disambiguation). JohnTukeyJohnWilderTukeyBorn(1915-06-16)June16,1915NewBedford,Massachusetts,U.S.DiedJuly26,2000(2000-07-26)(aged 85)NewBrunswick,NewJersey,U.S.CitizenshipUSAlma materBrownUniversity(BA,MSc)PrincetonUniversity(PhD)Known forExploratorydataanalysisMultiplecomparisonsproblemProjectionpursuitBoxplotBlackman–TukeytransformationCooley–TukeyFFTalgorithmFreeman–TukeytransformationSiegel–TukeytestStone–TukeytheoremTukey–DuckworthtestTukey'srangetestTukeylambdadistributionTukey'strimeanTukey'stestofadditivityTukey'slemmaTukeymeandifferenceplotTukeymedianTukeydepthTukey'sbiweightfunctionTukey'sfencesTukeywindowCepstrumFlexagonMedianpolishMidhingeSlashdistributionTheoryofconjointmeasurementCoiningtheterm'bit'ScagnosticsAwardsWilksMemorialAward(1965)NationalMedalofScience(USA)inMathematical,Statistical,andComputationalSciences(1973)ShewhartMedal(1976)IEEEMedalofHonor(1982)DemingMedal(1982)JamesMadisonMedal(1984)ForeignMemberoftheRoyalSociety(1991)ScientificcareerFieldsMathematicianInstitutionsBellLabsPrincetonUniversityThesisOnDenumerabilityinTopology[1]DoctoraladvisorSolomonLefschetz[1]Doctoralstudents DavidR.Brillinger KaiLaiChung ArthurDempster LeoGoodman KarenKafadar PaulMeier FrederickMosteller JohnWilderTukey(/ˈtuːki/;June16,1915–July26,2000)wasanAmericanmathematicianandstatistician,bestknownforthedevelopmentofthefastFourierTransform(FFT)algorithmandboxplot.[2]TheTukeyrangetest,theTukeylambdadistribution,theTukeytestofadditivity,andtheTeichmüller–Tukeylemmaallbearhisname.Heisalsocreditedwithcoiningtheterm'bit'andthefirstpublisheduseoftheword'software'. Contents 1Biography 2Scientificcontributions 2.1Statisticalpractice 3Coiningthetermbit 4Seealso 5Publications 6References 7Externallinks Biography[edit] TukeywasborninNewBedford,Massachusettsin1915,toaLatinteacherfatherandaprivatetutormother.HewasmainlytaughtbyhismotherandattendedregularclassesonlyforcertainsubjectslikeFrench.[3]TukeyobtainedaBAin1936andMScin1937inchemistry,fromBrownUniversity,beforemovingtoPrincetonUniversity,wherein1939hereceivedaPhDinmathematicsaftercompletingadoctoraldissertationtitled"Ondenumerabilityintopology".[4][5][6] DuringWorldWarII,TukeyworkedattheFireControlResearchOfficeandcollaboratedwithSamuelWilksandWilliamCochran.HeisclaimedtohavehelpeddesigntheU-2spyplane.Afterthewar,hereturnedtoPrinceton,dividinghistimebetweentheuniversityandAT&TBellLaboratories.In1962,TukeywaselectedtotheAmericanPhilosophicalSociety.[7]Hebecameafullprofessorat35andfoundingchairmanofthePrincetonstatisticsdepartmentin1965.[3] Amongmanycontributionstocivilsociety,TukeyservedonacommitteeoftheAmericanStatisticalAssociationthatproducedareportcritiquingthestatisticalmethodologyoftheKinseyReport,StatisticalProblemsoftheKinseyReportonSexualBehaviorintheHumanMale,whichsummarised"Whilemuchremainstobedone,ouroverallimpressionoftheirworktodateisfavorable". From1960to1980,TukeyhelpeddesigntheNBCtelevisionnetworkpollsusedtopredictandanalyzeelections.HewasalsoaconsultanttotheEducationalTestingService,theXeroxCorporation,andMerck&Company. HewasawardedtheNationalMedalofSciencebyPresidentNixonin1973.[3]HewasawardedtheIEEEMedalofHonorin1982"ForhiscontributionstothespectralanalysisofrandomprocessesandthefastFouriertransform(FFT)algorithm". Tukeyretiredin1985.HediedinNewBrunswick,NewJersey,onJuly26,2000. Scientificcontributions[edit] EarlyinhiscareerTukeyworkedondevelopingstatisticalmethodsforcomputersatBellLabswhereheinventedtheterm"bit"in1947.[8][9][10] Hisstatisticalinterestsweremanyandvaried.HeisparticularlyrememberedforhisdevelopmentwithJamesCooleyoftheCooley–TukeyFFTalgorithm.In1970,hecontributedsignificantlytowhatistodayknownasthejackknifeestimation—alsotermedQuenouille–Tukeyjackknife.Heintroducedtheboxplotinhis1977book,"ExploratoryDataAnalysis". Tukey'srangetest,theTukeylambdadistribution,Tukey'stestofadditivity,Tukey'slemma,andtheTukeywindowallbearhisname.Heisalsothecreatorofseverallittle-knownmethodssuchasthetrimeanandmedian-medianline,aneasieralternativetolinearregression. In1974,hedeveloped,withJeromeH.Friedman,theconceptoftheprojectionpursuit.[11] Statisticalpractice[edit] Healsocontributedtostatisticalpracticeandarticulatedtheimportantdistinctionbetweenexploratorydataanalysisandconfirmatorydataanalysis,believingthatmuchstatisticalmethodologyplacedtoogreatanemphasisonthelatter. Thoughhebelievedintheutilityofseparatingthetwotypesofanalysis,hepointedoutthatsometimes,especiallyinnaturalscience,thiswasproblematicandtermedsuchsituationsuncomfortablescience. A.D.GordonofferedthefollowingsummaryofTukey'sprinciplesforstatisticalpractice:[12] ...theusefulnessandlimitationofmathematicalstatistics;theimportanceofhavingmethodsofstatisticalanalysisthatarerobusttoviolationsoftheassumptionsunderlyingtheiruse;theneedtoamassexperienceofthebehaviourofspecificmethodsofanalysisinordertoprovideguidanceontheiruse;theimportanceofallowingthepossibilityofdata'sinfluencingthechoiceofmethodbywhichtheyareanalysed;theneedforstatisticianstorejecttheroleof"guardianofproventruth",andtoresistattemptstoprovideonce-for-allsolutionsandtidyover-unificationsofthesubject;theiterativenatureofdataanalysis;implicationsoftheincreasingpower,availability,andcheapnessofcomputingfacilities;thetrainingofstatisticians. Tukey'slecturesweredescribedtobeunusual.McCullaghdescribedhislecturegiveninLondonin1977:[12][13] Tukeyambledtothepodium,agreatbearofamandressedinbaggypantsandablackknittedshirt.Thesemightoncehavebeenamatchingpairbutthevintagewassuchthatitwashardtotell....Carefullyanddeliberatelyalistofheadingswaschalkedontheblackboard.Thewordscametoo,notmany,likeoverweightparcels,deliveredataslowunfalteringpace....Whenitwascomplete,Tukeyturnedtofacetheaudienceandthepodium..."Comments,queries,suggestions?"heaskedtheaudience...Ashewaitedforaresponse,heclamberedontothepodiumandmanoeuvreduntilhewassittingcross-leggedfacingtheaudience....Weintheaudiencesatlikespectatorsatthezoowaitingforthegreatbeartomoveorsaysomething.Butthegreatbearappearedtobedoingthesamething,andthefeelingwasnotcomfortable. Coiningthetermbit[edit] WhileworkingwithJohnvonNeumannonearlycomputerdesigns,Tukeyintroducedtheword"bit"asaportmanteauof"binarydigit".[14]Theterm"bit"wasfirstusedinanarticlebyClaudeShannonin1948. Seealso[edit] Listofpioneersincomputerscience Publications[edit] Andrews,DavidF.;Bickel,PeterJ.;Hampel,FrankR.;Huber,PeterJ.;Rogers,W.H.;Tukey,JohnWilder(1972).Robustestimatesoflocation:surveyandadvances.PrincetonUniversityPress.ISBN 978-0-691-08113-7.OCLC 369963. Basford,KayeE.;Tukey,JohnWilder(1998).GraphicalAnalysisofMultiresponseData.Chapman&Hall/CRCPress.ISBN 978-0-8493-0384-5.OCLC 154674707.[15][16][17][18] Blackman,R.B.;Tukey,JohnWilder(1959).Themeasurementofpowerspectrafromthepointofviewofcommunicationsengineering.DoverPublications.ISBN 978-0-486-60507-4. Cochran,WilliamGemmell;Mosteller,CharlesFrederick;Tukey,JohnWilder(1953).StatisticalproblemsoftheKinseyreportonsexualbehaviorinthehumanmale.JournaloftheAmericanStatisticalAssociation.doi:10.1080/01621459.1953.10501194. Hoaglin,DavidC.;Mosteller,CharlesFrederick;Tukey,JohnWilder,eds.(1983).UnderstandingRobustandExploratoryDataAnalysis.Wiley.ISBN 978-0-471-09777-8.OCLC 8495063. Hoaglin,DavidC.;Mosteller,CharlesFrederick;Tukey,JohnWilder,eds.(1985).ExploringDataTables,TrendsandShapes.Wiley.ISBN 978-0-471-09776-1.OCLC 11550398. Hoaglin,DavidC.;Mosteller,CharlesFrederick;Tukey,JohnWilder,eds.(1991).Fundamentalsofexploratoryanalysisofvariance.Wiley.ISBN 978-0-471-52735-0.OCLC 23180322. Morgenthaler,Stephan;Tukey,JohnWilder,eds.(1991).Configuralpolysampling:aroutetopracticalrobustness.Wiley.ISBN 978-0-471-52372-7.OCLC 22381036. Mosteller,CharlesFrederick;Tukey,JohnWilder(1977).Dataanalysisandregression:asecondcourseinstatistics.Addison-Wesley.ISBN 978-0-201-04854-4.OCLC 3235470. Tukey,JohnWilder(1940).ConvergenceandUniformityinTopology.PrincetonUniversityPress.ISBN 978-0-691-09568-4.OCLC 227948615. Tukey,JohnWilder(1977).ExploratoryDataAnalysis.Addison-Wesley.ISBN 978-0-201-07616-5.OCLC 3058187. Tukey,JohnWilder;Ross,IanC.;Bertrand,Verna(1973).Indextostatisticsandprobability.R&DPress.ISBN 978-0-88274-001-0.OCLC 745715. ThecollectedworksofJohnWTukey,editedbyWilliamS.Cleveland Brillinger,DavidR.,ed.(1984).VolumeI:Timeseries,1949–1964.Wadsworth,Inc.ISBN 978-0-534-03303-3.OCLC 10998116. Brillinger,DavidR.,ed.(1985).VolumeII:Timeseries,1965–1984.Wadsworth,Inc.ISBN 978-0-534-03304-0.OCLC 159731367. Jones,LyleV.,ed.(1985).VolumeIII:Philosophyandprinciplesofdataanalysis,1949–1964.Wadsworth&Brooks/Cole.ISBN 978-0-534-03305-7.OCLC 159731367. Jones,LyleV.,ed.(1986).VolumeIV:Philosophyandprinciplesofdataanalysis,1965–1986.Wadsworth&Brooks/Cole.ISBN 978-0-534-05101-3.OCLC 165832503. Cleveland,WilliamS.,ed.(1988).VolumeV:Graphics,1965–1985.Wadsworth&Brooks/Cole.ISBN 978-0-534-05102-0.OCLC 230023465. Mallows,ColinL.,ed.(1990).VolumeVI:Moremathematical,1938–1984.Wadsworth&Brooks/Cole.ISBN 978-0-534-05103-7.OCLC 232966724. Cox,DavidR.,ed.(1992).VolumeVII:FactorialandANOVA,1949–1962.Wadsworth&Brooks/Cole.ISBN 978-0-534-05104-4.OCLC 165366083. Braun,HenryI.,ed.(1994).VolumeVIII:Multiplecomparisons,1949–1983.Chapman&Hall/CRCPress.ISBN 978-0-412-05121-0.OCLC 165099761. AboutJohnTukey O'Connor,JohnJ.;Robertson,EdmundF.,"JohnTukey",MacTutorHistoryofMathematicsarchive,UniversityofStAndrews InterviewofJohnTukeyabouthisexperienceatPrinceton References[edit] ^abJohnTukeyattheMathematicsGenealogyProject ^Sande,Gordon(July2001)."Obituary:JohnWilderTukey".PhysicsToday.54(7):80–81.doi:10.1063/1.1397408. ^abcLeonhardt,David(2000-07-28)."JohnTukey,85,Statistician;CoinedtheWord'Software'".NewYorkTimes.Retrieved2012-09-24. ^"JohnTukey".MathematicsGenealogyProject.Retrieved2022-07-02. ^Tukey,JohnW.(1939).Ondenumerabilityintopology. ^"JohnTukey".IEEEGlobalHistoryNetwork.IEEE.Retrieved2011-07-18. ^"APSMemberHistory".search.amphilsoc.org.Retrieved2021-01-28. ^Shannon,ClaudeElwood(July1948)."AMathematicalTheoryofCommunication"(PDF).BellSystemTechnicalJournal.27(3):379–423.doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x.hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-002C-4314-2.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on1998-07-15.Thechoiceofalogarithmicbasecorrespondstothechoiceofaunitformeasuringinformation.Ifthebase2isusedtheresultingunitsmaybecalledbinarydigits,ormorebrieflybits,awordsuggestedbyJ.W.Tukey. ^Shannon,ClaudeElwood(October1948)."AMathematicalTheoryofCommunication".BellSystemTechnicalJournal.27(4):623–666.doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb00917.x.hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-002C-4314-2. ^Shannon,ClaudeElwood;Weaver,Warren(1949).AMathematicalTheoryofCommunication(PDF).UniversityofIllinoisPress.ISBN 0-252-72548-4.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on1998-07-15. ^Friedman,JeromeH.;Tukey,JohnWilder(September1974)."AProjectionPursuitAlgorithmforExploratoryDataAnalysis".IEEETransactionsonComputers.C-23(9):881–890.doi:10.1109/T-C.1974.224051.ISSN 0018-9340.OSTI 1442925.S2CID 7997450. ^ab"JohnTukey-Biography".MathsHistory.Retrieved2022-02-18. ^PMcCullagh,JohnWilderTukey,BiographicalMemoirsofFellowsoftheRoyalSociety49(2003),538-559. ^"BitdefinitionbyTheLinuxInformationProject(LINFO)".www.linfo.org. ^Talbot,M.(June2000).Biometrics.56(2):649–650.doi:10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00647.x.JSTOR 2677019.{{citejournal}}:CS1maint:untitledperiodical(link) ^Cooper,Mark(July–August2000).CropScience.40(4):1184.doi:10.2135/cropsci2000.0015br.{{citejournal}}:CS1maint:untitledperiodical(link) ^Heckler,CharlesE.(February2001).Technometrics.43(1):97–98.doi:10.1198/tech.2001.s547.JSTOR 1270862.S2CID 26430218.{{citejournal}}:CS1maint:untitledperiodical(link) ^Broadfoot,L.(June2001).TheJournalofAgriculturalScience.136(4):471–475.doi:10.1017/s002185960124893x.S2CID 86230606.{{citejournal}}:CS1maint:untitledperiodical(link) Externallinks[edit] WikiquotehasquotationsrelatedtoJohnTukey. RoyalSocietyobit.byPeterMcCullagh JohnW.Tukey:HisLifeandProfessionalContributionspublishedinTheAnnalsofStatistics JohnWilderTukey(1915–2000)inNoticesoftheAmericanMathematicalSociety MemoriesofJohnTukey ShortbiographybyMaryBittrich "JohnTukey,85,Statistician;CoinedtheWord'Software'",TheNewYorkTimes,2000-07-28 "RememberingJohnW.Tukey",specialissueofStatisticalScience JohnWilderTukeyattheMathematicsGenealogyProject vteIEEEMedalofHonor1976–2000 H.EarleVaughan(1977) RobertNoyce(1978) RichardBellman(1979) WilliamShockley(1980) SidneyDarlington(1981) JohnTukey(1982) NicolaasBloembergen(1983) NormanRamsey(1984) JohnRoyWhinnery(1985) JackKilby(1986) PaulLauterbur(1987) CalvinQuate(1988) C.KumarPatel(1989) RobertG.Gallager(1990) LeoEsaki(1991) AmosE.Joel,Jr.(1992) KarlJohanÅström(1993) AlfredY.Cho(1994) LotfiA.Zadeh(1995) RobertMetcalfe(1996) GeorgeH.Heilmeier(1997) DonaldPederson(1998) CharlesConcordia(1999) AndrewGrove(2000) vteUnitedStatesNationalMedalofSciencelaureatesBehavioralandsocialscience1960s 1964 NealElgarMiller 1980s 1986 HerbertA.Simon 1987 AnneAnastasi GeorgeJ.Stigler 1988 MiltonFriedman 1990s 1990 LeonidHurwicz PatrickSuppes 1991 GeorgeA.Miller 1992 EleanorJ.Gibson 1994 RobertK.Merton 1995 RogerN.Shepard 1996 PaulSamuelson 1997 WilliamK.Estes 1998 WilliamJuliusWilson 1999 RobertM.Solow 2000s 2000 GaryBecker 2003 R.DuncanLuce 2004 KennethArrow 2005 GordonH.Bower 2008 MichaelI.Posner 2009 MortimerMishkin 2010s 2011 AnneTreisman 2014 RobertAxelrod 2015 AlbertBandura Biologicalsciences1960s 1963 C.B.vanNiel 1964 TheodosiusDobzhansky MarshallW.Nirenberg 1965 FrancisP.Rous GeorgeG.Simpson DonaldD.VanSlyke 1966 EdwardF.Knipling FritzAlbertLipmann WilliamC.Rose SewallWright 1967 KennethS.Cole HarryF.Harlow MichaelHeidelberger AlfredH.Sturtevant 1968 HoraceBarker BernardB.Brodie DetlevW.Bronk JayLush BurrhusFredericSkinner 1969 RobertHuebner ErnstMayr 1970s 1970 BarbaraMcClintock AlbertB.Sabin 1973 DanielI.Arnon EarlW.SutherlandJr. 1974 BrittonChance ErwinChargaff JamesV.Neel JamesAugustineShannon 1975 HallowellDavis PaulGyorgy SterlingB.Hendricks OrvilleAlvinVogel 1976 RogerGuillemin KeithRobertsPorter EfraimRacker E.O.Wilson 1979 RobertH.Burris ElizabethC.Crosby ArthurKornberg SeveroOchoa EarlReeceStadtman GeorgeLedyardStebbins PaulAlfredWeiss 1980s 1981 PhilipHandler 1982 SeymourBenzer GlennW.Burton MildredCohn 1983 HowardL.Bachrach PaulBerg WendellL.Roelofs BertaScharrer 1986 StanleyCohen DonaldA.Henderson VernonB.Mountcastle GeorgeEmilPalade JoanA.Steitz 1987 MichaelE.DeBakey TheodorO.Diener HarryEagle HarGobindKhorana RitaLevi-Montalcini 1988 MichaelS.Brown StanleyNormanCohen JosephL.Goldstein MauriceR.Hilleman EricR.Kandel RosalynSussmanYalow 1989 KatherineEsau ViktorHamburger PhilipLeder JoshuaLederberg RogerW.Sperry HarlandG.Wood 1990s 1990 BarujBenacerraf HerbertW.Boyer DanielE.KoshlandJr. EdwardB.Lewis DavidG.Nathan E.DonnallThomas 1991 MaryEllenAvery G.EvelynHutchinson ElvinA.Kabat RobertW.Kates SalvadorLuria PaulA.Marks FolkeK.Skoog PaulC.Zamecnik 1992 MaxineSinger HowardMartinTemin 1993 DanielNathans SalomeG.Waelsch 1994 ThomasEisner ElizabethF.Neufeld 1995 AlexanderRich 1996 RuthPatrick 1997 JamesWatson RobertA.Weinberg 1998 BruceAmes JanetRowley 1999 DavidBaltimore JaredDiamond LynnMargulis 2000s 2000 NancyC.Andreasen PeterH.Raven CarlWoese 2001 FranciscoJ.Ayala GeorgeF.Bass MarioR.Capecchi AnnGraybiel GeneE.Likens VictorA.McKusick HaroldVarmus 2002 JamesE.Darnell EvelynM.Witkin 2003 J.MichaelBishop SolomonH.Snyder CharlesYanofsky 2004 NormanE.Borlaug PhillipA.Sharp ThomasE.Starzl 2005 AnthonyFauci TorstenN.Wiesel 2006 RitaR.Colwell NinaFedoroff LubertStryer 2007 RobertJ.Lefkowitz BertW.O'Malley 2008 FrancisS.Collins ElaineFuchs J.CraigVenter 2009 SusanL.Lindquist StanleyB.Prusiner 2010s 2010 RalphL.Brinster RudolfJaenisch 2011 LucyShapiro LeroyHood SallieChisholm 2012 MayBerenbaum BruceAlberts 2013 RakeshK.Jain 2014 StanleyFalkow Mary-ClaireKing SimonLevin Chemistry1960s 1964 RogerAdams 1980s 1982 F.AlbertCotton GilbertStork 1983 RoaldHoffmann GeorgeC.Pimentel RichardN.Zare 1986 HarryB.Gray YuanTsehLee CarlS.Marvel FrankH.Westheimer 1987 WilliamS.Johnson WalterH.Stockmayer MaxTishler 1988 WilliamO.Baker KonradE.Bloch EliasJ.Corey 1989 RichardB.Bernstein MelvinCalvin RudolphA.Marcus HardenM.McConnell 1990s 1990 ElkanBlout KarlFolkers JohnD.Roberts 1991 RonaldBreslow GertrudeB.Elion DudleyR.Herschbach GlennT.Seaborg 1992 HowardE.SimmonsJr. 1993 DonaldJ.Cram NormanHackerman 1994 GeorgeS.Hammond 1995 ThomasCech IsabellaL.Karle 1996 NormanDavidson 1997 DarleaneC.Hoffman HaroldS.Johnston 1998 JohnW.Cahn GeorgeM.Whitesides 1999 StuartA.Rice JohnRoss SusanSolomon 2000s 2000 JohnD.Baldeschwieler RalphF.Hirschmann 2001 ErnestR.Davidson GáborA.Somorjai 2002 JohnI.Brauman 2004 StephenJ.Lippard 2005 TobinJ.Marks 2006 MarvinH.Caruthers PeterB.Dervan 2007 MostafaA.El-Sayed 2008 JoannaFowler JoAnneStubbe 2009 StephenJ.Benkovic MaryeAnneFox 2010s 2010 JacquelineK.Barton PeterJ.Stang 2011 AllenJ.Bard M.FrederickHawthorne 2012 JudithP.Klinman JerroldMeinwald 2013 GeraldineL.Richmond 2014 A.PaulAlivisatos Engineeringsciences1960s 1962 TheodorevonKármán 1963 VannevarBush JohnRobinsonPierce 1964 CharlesS.Draper OthmarH.Ammann 1965 HughL.Dryden ClarenceL.Johnson WarrenK.Lewis 1966 ClaudeE.Shannon 1967 EdwinH.Land IgorI.Sikorsky 1968 J.PresperEckert NathanM.Newmark 1969 JackSt.ClairKilby 1970s 1970 GeorgeE.Mueller 1973 HaroldE.Edgerton RichardT.Whitcomb 1974 RudolfKompfner RalphBrazeltonPeck AbelWolman 1975 MansonBenedict WilliamHaywardPickering FrederickE.Terman WernhervonBraun 1976 MorrisCohen PeterC.Goldmark ErwinWilhelmMüller 1979 EmmettN.Leith RaymondD.Mindlin RobertN.Noyce EarlR.Parker SimonRamo 1980s 1982 EdwardH.Heinemann DonaldL.Katz 1983 BillHewlett GeorgeLow JohnG.Trump 1986 HansWolfgangLiepmann Tung-YenLin BernardM.Oliver 1987 RobertByronBird H.BoltonSeed ErnstWeber 1988 DanielC.Drucker WillisM.Hawkins GeorgeW.Housner 1989 HarryGeorgeDrickamer HerbertE.Grier 1990s 1990 MildredDresselhaus NickHolonyakJr. 1991 GeorgeH.Heilmeier LunaB.Leopold H.GuyfordStever 1992 CalvinF.Quate JohnRoyWhinnery 1993 AlfredY.Cho 1994 RayW.Clough 1995 HermannA.Haus 1996 JamesL.Flanagan C.KumarN.Patel 1998 EliRuckenstein 1999 KennethN.Stevens 2000s 2000 Yuan-ChengB.Fung 2001 AndreasAcrivos 2002 LeoBeranek 2003 JohnM.Prausnitz 2004 EdwinN.Lightfoot 2005 JanD.Achenbach 2006 RobertS.Langer 2007 DavidJ.Wineland 2008 RudolfE.Kálmán 2009 AmnonYariv 2010s 2010 ShuChien 2011 JohnB.Goodenough 2012 ThomasKailath Mathematical,statistical,andcomputersciences1960s 1963 NorbertWiener 1964 SolomonLefschetz H.MarstonMorse 1965 OscarZariski 1966 JohnMilnor 1967 PaulCohen 1968 JerzyNeyman 1969 WilliamFeller 1970s 1970 RichardBrauer 1973 JohnTukey 1974 KurtGödel 1975 JohnW.Backus Shiing-ShenChern GeorgeDantzig 1976 KurtOttoFriedrichs HasslerWhitney 1979 JosephL.Doob DonaldE.Knuth 1980s 1982 MarshallH.Stone 1983 HermanGoldstine IsadoreSinger 1986 PeterLax AntoniZygmund 1987 RaoulBott MichaelFreedman 1988 RalphE.Gomory JosephB.Keller 1989 SamuelKarlin SaundersMacLane DonaldC.Spencer 1990s 1990 GeorgeF.Carrier StephenColeKleene JohnMcCarthy 1991 AlbertoCalderón 1992 AllenNewell 1993 MartinDavidKruskal 1994 JohnCocke 1995 LouisNirenberg 1996 RichardKarp StephenSmale 1997 Shing-TungYau 1998 CathleenSyngeMorawetz 1999 FelixBrowder RonaldR.Coifman 2000s 2000 JohnGriggsThompson KarenUhlenbeck 2001 CalyampudiR.Rao EliasM.Stein 2002 JamesG.Glimm 2003 CarlR.deBoor 2004 DennisP.Sullivan 2005 BradleyEfron 2006 HymanBass 2007 LeonardKleinrock AndrewJ.Viterbi 2009 DavidB.Mumford 2010s 2010 RichardA.Tapia S.R.SrinivasaVaradhan 2011 SolomonW.Golomb BarryMazur 2012 AlexandreChorin DavidBlackwell 2013 MichaelArtin Physicalsciences1960s 1963 LuisW.Alvarez 1964 JulianSchwinger HaroldUrey RobertBurnsWoodward 1965 JohnBardeen PeterDebye LeonM.Lederman WilliamRubey 1966 JacobBjerknes SubrahmanyanChandrasekhar HenryEyring JohnH.VanVleck VladimirK.Zworykin 1967 JesseBeams FrancisBirch GregoryBreit LouisHammett GeorgeKistiakowsky 1968 PaulBartlett HerbertFriedman LarsOnsager EugeneWigner 1969 HerbertC.Brown WolfgangPanofsky 1970s 1970 RobertH.Dicke AllanR.Sandage JohnC.Slater JohnA.Wheeler SaulWinstein 1973 CarlDjerassi MauriceEwing ArieJanHaagen-Smit VladimirHaensel FrederickSeitz RobertRathbunWilson 1974 NicolaasBloembergen PaulFlory WilliamAlfredFowler LinusCarlPauling KennethSanbornPitzer 1975 HansA.Bethe JosephO.Hirschfelder LewisSarett EdgarBrightWilson Chien-ShiungWu 1976 SamuelGoudsmit HerbertS.Gutowsky FrederickRossini VernerSuomi HenryTaube GeorgeUhlenbeck 1979 RichardP.Feynman HermanMark EdwardM.Purcell JohnSinfelt LymanSpitzer VictorF.Weisskopf 1980s 1982 PhilipW.Anderson YoichiroNambu EdwardTeller CharlesH.Townes 1983 E.MargaretBurbidge MauriceGoldhaber HelmutLandsberg WalterMunk FrederickReines BrunoB.Rossi J.RobertSchrieffer 1986 SolomonJ.Buchsbaum H.RichardCrane HermanFeshbach RobertHofstadter Chen-NingYang 1987 PhilipAbelson WalterElsasser PaulC.Lauterbur GeorgePake JamesA.VanAllen 1988 D.AllanBromley PaulChing-WuChu WalterKohn NormanFosterRamseyJr. JackSteinberger 1989 ArnoldO.Beckman EugeneParker RobertSharp HenryStommel 1990s 1990 AllanM.Cormack EdwinM.McMillan RobertPound RogerRevelle 1991 ArthurL.Schawlow EdStone StevenWeinberg 1992 EugeneM.Shoemaker 1993 ValFitch VeraRubin 1994 AlbertOverhauser FrankPress 1995 HansDehmelt PeterGoldreich 1996 WallaceS.Broecker 1997 MarshallRosenbluth MartinSchwarzschild GeorgeWetherill 1998 DonL.Anderson JohnN.Bahcall 1999 JamesCronin LeoKadanoff 2000s 2000 WillisE.Lamb JeremiahP.Ostriker GilbertF.White 2001 MarvinL.Cohen RaymondDavisJr. CharlesKeeling 2002 RichardGarwin W.JasonMorgan EdwardWitten 2003 G.BrentDalrymple RiccardoGiacconi 2004 RobertN.Clayton 2005 RalphA.Alpher LonnieThompson 2006 DanielKleppner 2007 FayAjzenberg-Selove CharlesP.Slichter 2008 BerniAlder JamesE.Gunn 2009 YakirAharonov EstherM.Conwell WarrenM.Washington 2010s 2011 SidneyDrell SandraFaber SylvesterJamesGates 2012 BurtonRichter SeanC.Solomon 2014 ShirleyAnnJackson vteJohnvonNeumannLecturers LarsAhlfors(1960) MarkKac(1961) JeanLeray(1962) StanislawUlam(1963) SolomonLefschetz(1964) FreemanDyson(1965) EugeneWigner(1966) Chia-ChiaoLin(1967) PeterLax(1968) GeorgeF.Carrier(1969) JamesH.Wilkinson(1970) PaulSamuelson(1971) JuleCharney(1974) JamesLighthill(1975) RenéThom(1976) KennethArrow(1977) PeterHenrici(1978) KurtO.Friedrichs(1979) KeithStewartson(1980) GarrettBirkhoff(1981) DavidSlepian(1982) JosephB.Keller(1983) JürgenMoser(1984) JohnW.Tukey(1985) Jacques-LouisLions(1986) RichardM.Karp(1987) GermundDahlquist(1988) StephenSmale(1989) AndrewMajda(1990) R.TyrrellRockafellar(1992) MartinD.Kruskal(1994) CarldeBoor(1996) WilliamKahan(1997) OlgaLadyzhenskaya(1998) CharlesS.Peskin(1999) PersiDiaconis(2000) DavidDonoho(2001) EricLander(2002) Heinz-OttoKreiss(2003) AlanC.Newell(2004) JerroldE.Marsden(2005) GeorgeC.Papanicolaou(2006) NancyKopell(2007) DavidGottlieb(2008) FrancoBrezzi(2009) BerndSturmfels(2010) IngridDaubechies(2011) JohnM.Ball(2012) StanleyOsher(2013) LeslieGreengard(2014) JenniferTourChayes(2015) DonaldKnuth(2016) BernardJ.Matkowsky(2017) CharlesF.VanLoan(2018) MargaretH.Wright(2019) NickTrefethen(2020) Chi-WangShu(2021) LeahKeshet(2022) AuthoritycontrolGeneral ISNI 1 VIAF 1 WorldCat Nationallibraries Norway France(data) Germany Israel UnitedStates CzechRepublic Australia Netherlands Sweden Scientificdatabases CiNii(Japan) DBLP(computerscience) MathSciNet MathematicsGenealogyProject Scopusauthor zbMATH Other FacetedApplicationofSubjectTerminology SocialNetworksandArchivalContext SUDOC(France) 1 Trove(Australia) 1 Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Tukey&oldid=1116168512" 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