For example methods from java.lang.Math and java.awt.Color. But if abs and getAlpha are not ambiguous I don't see why readEmployee is. As in lot ...
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Whatisagoodusecaseforstaticimportofmethods?
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Justgotareviewcommentthatmystaticimportofthemethodwasnotagoodidea.ThestaticimportwasofamethodfromaDAclass,whichhasmostlystaticmethods.SoinmiddleofthebusinesslogicIhadadaactivitythatapparentlyseemedtobelongtothecurrentclass:
importstaticsome.package.DA.*;
classBusinessObject{
voidsomeMethod(){
....
save(this);
}
}
ThereviewerwasnotkeenthatIchangethecodeandIdidn'tbutIdokindofagreewithhim.Onereasongivenfornotstatic-importingwasitwasconfusingwherethemethodwasdefined,itwasn'tinthecurrentclassandnotinanysuperclasssoittoosometimetoidentifyitsdefinition(thewebbasedreviewsystemdoesnothaveclickablelinkslikeIDE:-)Idon'treallythinkthismatters,static-importsarestillquitenewandsoonwewillallgetusedtolocatingthem.
Buttheotherreason,theoneIagreewith,isthatanunqualifiedmethodcallseemstobelongtocurrentobjectandshouldnotjumpcontexts.Butifitreallydidbelong,itwouldmakesensetoextendthatsuperclass.
So,whendoesitmakesensetostaticimportmethods?Whenhaveyoudoneit?Did/doyoulikethewaytheunqualifiedcallslook?
EDIT:Thepopularopinionseemstobethatstatic-importmethodsifnobodyisgoingtoconfusethemasmethodsofthecurrentclass.Forexamplemethodsfromjava.lang.Mathandjava.awt.Color.ButifabsandgetAlphaarenotambiguousIdon'tseewhyreadEmployeeis.Asinlotofprogrammingchoices,Ithinkthistooisapersonalpreferencething.
javastatic-import
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editedJul29'21at7:21
JacobvanLingen
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MiserableVariableMiserableVariable
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Hereisverygoodusageofstaticimports:ibm.com/developerworks/library/j-ft18
– intrepidis
Jun26'13at17:39
2
@mr5thesyntaxisimportstatic,thefeatureisstaticimport
– MiserableVariable
Mar16'18at0:11
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ThisisfromSun'sguidewhentheyreleasedthefeature(emphasisinoriginal):
Sowhenshouldyouusestaticimport?Verysparingly!Onlyuseitwhenyou'dotherwisebetemptedtodeclarelocalcopiesofconstants,ortoabuseinheritance(theConstantInterfaceAntipattern)....Ifyouoverusethestaticimportfeature,itcanmakeyourprogramunreadableandunmaintainable,pollutingitsnamespacewithallthestaticmembersyouimport.Readersofyourcode(includingyou,afewmonthsafteryouwroteit)willnotknowwhichclassastaticmembercomesfrom.Importingallofthestaticmembersfromaclasscanbeparticularlyharmfultoreadability;ifyouneedonlyoneortwomembers,importthemindividually.
(https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/language/static-import.html)
TherearetwopartsIwanttocalloutspecifically:
Usestaticimportsonlywhenyouweretemptedto"abuseinheritance".Inthiscase,wouldyouhavebeentemptedtohaveBusinessObjectextendsome.package.DA?Ifso,staticimportsmaybeacleanerwayofhandlingthis.Ifyouneverwouldhavedreamedofextendingsome.package.DA,thenthisisprobablyapooruseofstaticimports.Don'tuseitjusttosaveafewcharacterswhentyping.
Importindividualmembers.Sayimportstaticsome.package.DA.saveinsteadofDA.*.Thatwillmakeitmucheasiertofindwherethisimportedmethodiscomingfrom.
Personally,Ihaveusedthislanguagefeatureveryrarely,andalmostalwaysonlywithconstantsorenums,neverwithmethods.Thetrade-off,forme,isalmostneverworthit.
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editedFeb22'18at15:33
ktulinho
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answeredJan7'09at17:01
RossRoss
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Agreed.I'veusedstaticimportsveeeryoccasionallywherethey'veactuallymadethecodesignificantlyeasiertofollow.
– NeilCoffey
Jan7'09at17:36
2
IliketousethemwithCollectorsandstreams.IfeelaStream.collect(toSet())ismorereadablethanaStream.collect(Collectors.toSet()).Wouldthisbeconsideredanappropriateuse?
– Snap
Nov3'20at17:48
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AnotherreasonableuseforstaticimportsiswithJUnit4.InearlierversionsofJUnitmethodslikeassertEqualsandfailwereinheritedsincethetestclassextendedjunit.framework.TestCase.
//oldway
importjunit.framework.TestCase;
publicclassMyTestClassextendsTestCase{
publicvoidmyMethodTest(){
assertEquals("foo","bar");
}
}
InJUnit4,testclassesnolongerneedtoextendTestCaseandcaninsteaduseannotations.Youcanthenstaticallyimporttheassertmethodsfromorg.junit.Assert:
//newway
importstaticorg.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
publicclassMyTestClass{
@TestpublicvoidmyMethodTest(){
assertEquals("foo","bar");
//insteadof
Assert.assertEquals("foo","bar");
}
}
JUnitdocumentsusingitthisway.
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answeredJan7'09at18:32
RobHruskaRobHruska
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I'dagree.Simplifyingtestcasesisoneplacewheretheintentisunlikelytobemisunderstood.
– BillMichell
Jan9'09at11:10
6
We'vehadthisonourprojectandactuallyhadissueswithpeopleusingassert()andincorrectlythinkingthatitcomesfromtheirstaticimportoftheAssertpackage.Oncewefoundthisproblem,aquickscanofourcode-basefoundaround30instancesofthisinourtestsmeaningthat30assertionswereNOTbeingrunwhenthetestframeworkwasexecutedbecausetheDEBUGflagisn'tsetwhenweruntests.
– ChrisWilliams
Dec3'13at18:49
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30
EffectiveJava,SecondEdition,attheendofItem19notesthatyoucanusestaticimportsifyoufindyourselfheavilyusingconstantsfromautilityclass.Ithinkthisprinciplewouldapplytostaticimportsofbothconstantsandmethods.
importstaticcom.example.UtilityClassWithFrequentlyUsedMethods.myMethod;
publicclassMyClass{
publicvoiddoSomething(){
intfoo=UtilityClassWithFrequentlyUsedMethods.myMethod();
//Canbewrittenlessverboselyas
intbar=myMethod();
}
}
Thishasadvantagesanddisadvantages.Itmakesthecodeabitmorereadableattheexpenseoflosingsomeimmediateinformationaboutwherethemethodisdefined.However,agoodIDEwillletyougotothedefinition,sothisisn'tmuchofanissue.
Youshouldstillusethissparingly,andonlyifyoufindyourselfusingthingsfromtheimportedfilemany,manytimes.
Edit:Updatedtobemorespecifictomethods,asthat'swhatthisquestionisreferringto.Theprincipleappliesregardlessofwhat'sbeingimported(constantsormethods).
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editedJan14'21at12:38
Lii
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answeredJan7'09at18:20
RobHruskaRobHruska
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Myquestionisaboutstatic-importingmethods,notfields.
– MiserableVariable
Jan8'09at6:08
10
PerhapsUtilityClassWithFrequentlyUsedMethodsneedstobeshortened.
– SteveKuo
Sep6'12at19:59
5
@SteveKuocertainlylessthanInternalFrameTitlePaneMaximizeButtonWindowNotFocusedState:P
– AnirbanNag'tintinmj'
Apr3'14at18:50
@Rob-HruskaCouldn'tIjustwrapastaticimportmethodorfieldinanewmethodorfieldifI'mplanningonusingthemfrequently?Wouldthatallowmetonotstaticallyimport?suchas:doublemyPI=Math.PI;andthenIcanIjustkeepreferringtomyPIinsteadofMath.PI.
– Netero
Jul8'14at13:17
@Abdul-Yeah,youcoulddothat.
– RobHruska
Jul8'14at13:33
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20
IthinkstaticimportisreallyusefultoremoveredundantclassnameswhenusingutilsclasseslikeArraysandAssertions.
NotsurewhybutRossskippedoutthelastsentencethatmentionsthisinthedocumentationheisreferencing.
Usedappropriately,staticimportcanmakeyourprogrammorereadable,byremovingtheboilerplateofrepetitionofclassnames.
Basicallycopiedfromthisblog:https://medium.com/alphadev-thoughts/static-imports-are-great-but-underused-e805ba9b279f
Soforexample:
Assertionsintests
ThisisthemostobviouscasewhichIthinkweallagreeon
Assertions.assertThat(1).isEqualTo(2);
//Usestaticimportinstead
assertThat(1).isEqualTo(2);
Utilsclassesandenums
Theclassnamecanberemovedinmanycaseswhenusingutilsclassesmakingthecodeeasiertoread
Listnumbers=Arrays.asList(1,2,3);
//asListmethodnameisenoughinformation
Listnumbers=asList(1,2,3);
java.timepackagehasafewcaseswhereitshouldbeused
//GetnextFridayfromnow,quiteannoyingtoread
LocalDate.now().with(TemporalAdjusters.next(DayOfWeek.FRIDAY));
//Moreconciseandeasiertoread
LocalDate.now().with(next(FRIDAY));
ExampleofwhenNOTtouse
//OkthisisanOptional
Optional.of("helloworld");
//Ihavenoideawhatthisis
of("helloworld");
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editedOct7'20at6:42
answeredMar1'18at7:11
softarnsoftarn
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Iagreethattheycanbeproblematicfromareadabilityperspectiveandshouldbeusedsparingly.Butwhenusingacommonstaticmethodtheycanactuallyincreasereadability.Forexample,inaJUnittestclass,methodslikeassertEqualsareobviouswheretheycomefrom.Similarlyformethodsfromjava.lang.Math.
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editedJul26'10at14:37
RobHruska
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answeredJan7'09at15:57
JoelJoel
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Andwhat'ssobadaboutseeingMath.round(d)versusround(d)?
– SteveKuo
Jan7'09at17:40
7
@SteveKuo-forthesamereasonthatmathematiciansuseone-lettervariablenameswhenmanipulatingformulas:therearetimeswhenlongernamesinterfereswithreadabilityoftheoverallstatement.Consideraformulainvolvingmultipletrigonometricfunctions.Aneasilygraspedmathformula:sinxcosy+cosxsiny.InJavabecomes:Math.sin(x)*Math.cos(y)+Math.cos(x)*Math.sin(y).Horribletoread.
– ToolmakerSteve
Sep6'14at18:19
@ToolmakerSteve,that'swhyImissedusingdirectiveinC++somuch:theycanbelocal.
– FranklinYu
May1'16at5:07
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IuseitforColoralot.
staticimportjava.awt.Color.*;
Itisveryunlikelythatthecolorswillbeconfusedwithsomethingelse.
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editedJan7'09at17:19
answeredJan7'09at16:35
jjnguyjjnguy
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ThatisoneofthebestusecasesIhaveseenthatdiffersfromtheoldJUnit/Hamcrest/TestNGone.
– kevinarpe
Jun30'15at11:52
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IrecommendtheuseofstaticimportwhenusingOpenGLwithJava,whichisause-casefallingintothe"heavyuseofconstantsfromautilityclass"category
Considerthat
importstaticandroid.opengl.GLES20.*;
allowsyoutoportoriginalCcodeandwritesomethingreadablesuchas:
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture);
glUniform1i(samplerUniform,0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,vtxBuffer);
glVertexAttribPointer(vtxAttrib,3,GL_FLOAT,false,0,0);
insteadofthatcommonwidespreadugliness:
GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0);
GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture);
GLES20.glUniform1i(samplerUniform,0);
GLES20.glBindBuffer(GLES20.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,vtxBuffer);
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(vtxAttrib,3,GLES20.GL_FLOAT,false,0,0);
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editedMar19'16at23:38
Tunaki
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FlintFlint
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Iuse'importstaticjava.lang.Math.*'whenportingmathheavycodefromC/C++tojava.Themathmethodsmap1to1andmakesdiffingtheportedcodeeasierwithouttheclassnamequalification.
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answeredOct30'14at16:37
FracdroidFracdroid
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Staticimportsaretheonly“new”featureofJavathatIhaveneverusedanddon’tintendtoeveruse,duetotheproblemsyoujustmentioned.
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answeredJan7'09at15:48
BombeBombe
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ThanksBombe.Well,Idobelievetheymakebettersensethattohavetoextendandinterfacethatjustcontainsabunchofstaticfinals.
– MiserableVariable
Jan7'09at15:56
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IfoundthistobeveryconvenientwhenusingUtilityclasses.
Forexample,insteadofusing:if(CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(col))
Icaninstead:
importstaticorg.apache.commons.collections.CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty;
if(isNotEmpty(col))
WhichIMOincreasescodereadabilitywhenIusethisutilitymultipletimesinmycode.
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answeredNov9'18at18:09
YeikelYeikel
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Talkingaboutunittests:mostpeopleusestaticimportsforthevariousstaticmethodsthatmockingframeworksprovide,suchaswhen()orverify().
importstaticorg.mockito.Mockito.verify;
importstaticorg.mockito.Mockito.when;
Andofcourse,whenusingtheoneandonlyassertyoushouldbeusingassertThat()itcomesinhandytostaticallyimporttherequiredhamcrestmatchers,asin:
importstaticorg.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
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editedMar4'20at9:22
Yash
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answeredMay25'18at13:16
GhostCatGhostCat
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They'reusefultoreduceverbiage,particularlyincaseswheretherearealotofimportedmethodsbeingcalled,andthedistinctionbetweenlocalandimportedmethodsisclear.
Oneexample:codethatinvolvesmultiplereferencestojava.lang.Math
Another:AnXMLbuilderclasswhereprependingtheclassnametoeveryreferencewouldhidethestructurebeingbuilt
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answeredJan7'09at15:57
kdgregorykdgregory
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IthinkstaticimportsareneatforNLSinthegettext-style.
importstaticmypackage.TranslatorUtil._;
//...
System.out.println(_("Helloworld."));
Thisbothmarksthestringasastringthathastobeextractedandprovidesaneasyandcleanwaytoreplacethestringwithitstranslation.
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answeredJul26'13at10:30
MatthiasWuttkeMatthiasWuttke
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IMOstaticimportisquiteanicefeature.Itisabsolutelytruethatheavyrelianceonstaticimportmakesthecodeunreadableanddifficulttounderstandwhichclassastaticmethodorattributebelongsto.However,inmyexperienceitbecomesausablefeatureespeciallywhendesigningUtilclasseswhichprovidesomestaticmethodsandattributes.Theambiguityarisingwheneverprovidingstaticimportcanbecircumventedbyestablishingcodestandards.Inmyexperiencewithinacompanythisapproachisacceptableandmakesthecodecleanerandeasytounderstand.PreferablyIinsertthe_characterinfrontstaticmethodsandstaticattributes(somehowadoptedfromC).ApparentlythisapproachviolatesthenamingstandardsofJavabutitprovidesclaritytocode.Forexample,ifwehaveaAngleUtilsclass:
publicclassAngleUtils{
publicstaticfinalfloat_ZERO=0.0f;
publicstaticfinalfloat_PI=3.14f;
publicstaticfloat_angleDiff(floatangle1,floatangle2){
}
publicstaticfloat_addAngle(floattarget,floatdest){
}
}
Inthiscasethestaticimportprovidesclarityandcodestructurelooksmoreeleganttome:
importstaticAngleUtils.*;
publicclassTestClass{
publicvoidtestAngles(){
floatinitialAngle=_ZERO;
floatangle1,angle2;
_addAngle(angle1,angle2);
}
}
Rightawaysomeonecantellthewhichmethodorattributecomesfromastaticimportandithidestheinformationoftheclasswhichitbelongsto.Idontsuggestusingstaticimportforclassesthatareintegralpartofamoduleandprovidestaticandnon-staticmethodsasinthesecaseitisimportanttoknowwhichclassprovidescertainstaticfunctionality.
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answeredAug25'14at16:16
eldjoneldjon
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Thanksforthesuggestionrenaming.BTW,anunderscoreinfrontistraditionallyusedinsomeenvironmentstonameprivatemethods/fields.I'mconsideringamodifiedconvention,suchasH_forimportsfromaHelperutilityclassIhave,orC_forCommon,orU_forUtility.Alternatively,I'veconsideredusingoneortwocharacterclassnamesforthesewidelyusedclasses,butwasconcernedthosemightsometimesconflictwithlocalnames-havesomelegacycodewithuppercasemethodnames.
– ToolmakerSteve
Jun24'15at20:41
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Youneedtousethemwhen:
youwishtouseaswitchstatementwithenumvalues
youwishtomakeyourcodedifficulttounderstand
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editedDec5'14at13:34
MeneerVenus
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davetron5000davetron5000
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Thisisnottrue.(1)Youcanuseenumconstantsperfectlywellwithoutastaticimportofthem.(2)Staticimportsof,say,JUnitAssertclassmethodsareclearasabell."assertTrue(...)"isjustasreadableas"Assert.assertTrue(...)",perhapsmoreso.
– AlanKrueger
Jan7'09at19:00
6
ifyouhave5staticimportsina500lineclass,itisveryhardtotellwheremethodscomefrom.
– davetron5000
Jan13'09at23:10
5
+1forwhenyouwishtomakeyourcodedifficulttounderstand:)
– MiserableVariable
Aug23'10at9:40
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-5
IusethemwheneverIcan.IhaveIntelliJsetuptoremindmeifIforget.Ithinkitlooksmuchcleanerthanafullyqualifiedpackagename.
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answeredJan7'09at16:22
JavamannJavamann
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You'rethinkingofregularimports.Staticimportsletyourefertomembersofaclasswithoutqualifyingthemwithaclassname,e.g.staticimportjava.lang.system.out;out.println("foo");//insteadofSystem.out.println("foo");
– sk.
Jan7'09at17:08
Nowthisisaverygoodexplanationofstaticimports...toobadIcan't+1acomment
– Eldelshell
Jan7'09at17:23
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