Policenauts - Wikipedia

Policenauts is a graphic adventure game developed and published by Konami. It was written and directed by Hideo Kojima, and originally released for the ... Policenauts FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch 1994visualnoveldirectedbyHideoKojima 9821videogamePolicenautsDeveloper(s)KonamiPublisher(s)KonamiDirector(s)HideoKojimaProducer(s)AkihikoNagataDesigner(s)HideoKojimaArtist(s)HitoshiNagaoWriter(s)HideoKojimaComposer(s)TappiIwaseMasahiroIkarikoMotoakiFurukawaPlatform(s)PC-9821,3DO,PlayStation,SegaSaturnRelease NECPC-9821 JP:July29,1994 3DO PilotDisk JP:April21,1995 FullRelease JP:September29,1995 PlayStation OriginalRelease JP:January19,1996 PrivateCollection JP:February9,1996 SegaSaturn JP:September13,1996 Genre(s)Adventure,visualnovel,interactivemovieMode(s)Single-player Policenauts[a]isagraphicadventuregamedevelopedandpublishedbyKonami.ItwaswrittenanddirectedbyHideoKojima,andoriginallyreleasedforthePC-9821in1994.Ahardsciencefictionstory,Policenautsissetinthemid21stcenturyandfollowsJonathanIngram,anastronautrecentlyrecoveredfloatinginspaceincryosleepafteranaccidentataspacecolonysenthimdriftingintospacefor24years.NowadetectiveinLosAngeles,Ingramtravelsbacktothecolonytoinvestigatethemurderofhisex-wifeandherhusband'sdisappearance.Ashebeginshisinvestigation,hestartstouncoveranillegalorgantraffickingring. KojimaconceivedPolicenautswhileworkingonSnatcher(1988),andbegandevelopmentin1990.Hewantedtheproductionqualitytomatchthatofmajormotionpictures,andcreatedascriptingenginetogivehimmorecreativecontrol.DrawingcreativeinfluencesfromAmericanbuddytelevisionshows,contemporarysocialdebatesonanti-Japanesesentimentandorgantransplantation,andJapan'sheightenedinterestinspacetravelfollowingthefirstJapaneseman'striptospacein1990,hesoughttoexploretheconceptofhowlivinginspacemayaffecthumansocietyandlife,sociallyandphysiologically.TheoriginalPC-9821releaseutilizedpixelart,whilethe3DO,PlayStation,andSegaSaturnportsfeaturedcelanimationbyAnimeInternationalCompany. AnEnglishlocalizationwasplannedfortheSaturnbutwaseventuallycancelled,withKojimacitingtechnicalproblemswiththetranslation.AfterinterestinKojima'sworkgrewfollowingthereleaseofMetalGearSolid(1998),demandforatranslationbuiltuntilafantranslationofthePlayStationversionwasreleasedin2009.CriticshavepraisedPolicenautsforitsanimation,voiceacting,andoverallpresentation;severalcommentatorshaveanalyseditscinematicinfluencesfromfilmsinthesciencefiction,action,comedy,andbuddygenres,whileothersnoteditsreflectionofKojima'sfascinationwithscienceandtechnology,andhavepraiseditsstoryline,technicalwritingandworldbuilding.AlongwithSnatcher,whichhasbeenretrospectivelyidentifiedasitsspiritualpredecessor,Policenautshasbeencalledoneofthebestsciencefictionworksingames,andafoundationforKojima'slaterworkintheMetalGearfranchise. Contents 1Gameplay 2Synopsis 3Development 4Release 4.1Localization 5Reception 5.1Retrospective 6Legacy 7Notes 8References 9Externallinks Gameplay[edit] Theplayerchoosesactionsfromtext-basedmenustoprogressthestory.Inthisscene(fromthePC-98version),JonathanisconversingwithLorraineHojo. Policenautsisagraphicadventuregamewithapoint-and-clickinterface.[1][2]Ithasalsobeencalledavisualnovel[1]andaninteractivemovie.[3]Theplayermovesacursorfreelyacrossthescreentoclickonobjectstoexaminethem.[4]Duringconversations,theplayerisgivendialogueoptionstochoosefrom.[1]Oncetherightobjectinthescenehasbeenexaminedorthedialogueoptionshavebeenexhausted,thegameprogressestothenextsceneinthestory.[1]Inversionswithcelanimation,thesescenestheplayermustexaminearestillsfromtheanimatedcinematics,sothegamemovesseamlesslybetweenthemandcutscenes.[1]Thereareoccasionalactionsceneswheretheplayermustfireagunatenemiesinafirst-personperspective.[4]TheSegaSaturnversionsupportsalightgunforthesesegments.[3] Synopsis[edit] In2013,LosAngelesPoliceDepartmentofficerJonathanIngram(HideyukiTanaka)wasoneoffive"Policenauts",policeofficerswhoreceivedastronauttrainingtoprotectBeyondCoast,humanity'sfirstfunctionalself-supportingspacecolony.Duringthetestofanewspacesuit,anaccidentcausesJonathantodriftintospace,presumeddeadbyhiscolleagues.Inreality,thecryogenicsurvivalsysteminthesuitpreservedhim,andheisfoundandrevived25yearslater.Duringthattime,BeyondCoasthasbecometheprincipaldevelopmentlocationforpotentialinterstellartravel,andisprotectedbyadedicatedpoliceforcedubbedtheBeyondCoastPoliceDepartment(BCPD). In2040,JonathanhasbecomeaprivateinvestigatoronEarthinOldLosAngeles.HeisvisitedbyhisformerwifeLorraine(ChiyokoKawashima),whoremarriedwhilehewaspresumeddead.LorraineasksforJonathan'shelpinsolvingthedisappearanceofherhusband,KenzoHojo;theonlycluesareatornleaf,asetofcapsules,andtheword"Plato".Jonathanisreluctanttotakehercaseatfirst,butafterLorraineleaveshisoffice,sheismurderedbyamaninablackmotorcyclesuit.Afterfailingtocatchtheculprit,JonathandecidestofulfillLorraine'sfinalrequestandtravelstoBeyond,whereheisreunitedwithhisformerLAPDpartner,BCPDViceDepartmentchiefEdBrown(ShōzōIizuka),whoagreestohelpJonathaninvestigatethecircumstancessurroundingHojo'sdisappearanceandLorraine'smurderalongwithViceUnitmembersMerylSilverburgh(KyokoTerase)andDaveForrest(BinShimada). Duringtheirinvestigation,JonathanreceivesinformationfromKaren(KikukoInoue),Lorraine'sdaughterwithHojo,thatHojowasgrowingincreasinglystressedworkingatTokugawaPharmaceuticals,whichishelpingresearchmedicalsolutionstohealthproblemscausedbylivinginspace.JonathanandEdalsorunintoformerPolicenautsGatesBecker(OsamuSaka)andJosephTokugawa(IemasaKayumi),thelatterofwhomJonathansuspectsofbeinginvolved.Theyreceivefurtherleadsfromaformerco-workerofHojo's;theinformantislaterkilledandusedtolureJonathanandEdintoanunsuccessfulboobytrap.Hojo'sbodyiseventuallyfound,andJonathanisframedforthekillings.TokugawaandBeckerarerevealedtohavebothbeenresponsibleforJonathan'saccident,andtheprimemoversbehindanillegaldrugandorgantraffickingringdesignedtocounteractthenegativeside-effectsofbeinginspaceforlongperiodsoftime. HojobecameinvolvedintheconspiracytosaveKarenfromherterminalbonecancer,buteventuallytriedtobreakawayandwasmurdered.WithhelpfromEdandMeryl,JonathanstormstheTokugawaheadquarters,killingLorraine'sassassinandthenconfrontsBecker.Whenapparentlycornered,JonathantricksBeckerintorevealingthewholeschemethroughalivevideofeed,exposingthescandaltoBeyondCoast.EdsavesJonathanbykillingBecker,whileMerylandtheremainingpolicearrestTokugawa.JonathandonateshisbonemarrowtoKarenuponlearningthatheisherbiologicalfather,andreturnstoEarth. Development[edit] DirectorHideoKojimain2018 PolicenautswasdevelopedbyKonamianddirectedbyHideoKojima.[5]KojimabegantoexploreconceptsforPolicenautsduringthedevelopmentofSnatcher(1988)whenmemorylimitationissuespromptedthemtotakeabreak.Hewantedthegametoremainintheadventuregenre,feelingitwasthebestmethodtoexpresswhathewantedwithvideogames.[5]Hewasalsogrowingfrustratedwithgamedevelopmentandwantedmorecreativecontrol.AfterthereleaseofMetalGear2:SolidSnake(1990),hedevelopedascriptingenginesohecouldmaintaincontroloverwhenanimationsandmusicplayedinsteadoftheprogrammers.[6]DevelopmentonPolicenautsbeganinearnestin1990[7]andlastedfouryears.[8] Kojimawantedtoexploreanearfuturescenariothatcouldrealisticallyoccurratherthanoutlandishsciencefiction.[5]Thegame'sstorywasinfluencedbynewsthatcapturedhisinterestatthetime.[5]Onesuchinfluencewasthepublicdebateoverorgantransplantationandbraindeathinjuries.[5]Anotherinfluencewastheriseinanti-JapanesesentimentcausedbytheAmericancrimefilmRisingSun(1993).[5]SomeAsian-Americansheldprotests,fearingthenegativecharacterizationofJapaneseinthefilmwouldleadtohatecrimes.[9][10]SpacetravelwasalsoaninfluenceafterToyohiroAkiyamabecamethefirstJapanesepersontotraveltospacein1990.[5]Concurrently,manyNASAdocumentsaboutspacetravelanditseffectsonthehumanbodywerebeingpublishedinJapanforthefirsttimeandwerehottopicsamongKojima'sfriendsandfamily.[5]Kojimawascuriousastowhateffectlivinginspacewouldhaveonthehumanbody,relationships,andwonderedwhatfacetsofhumanswouldbeexposedinspace.HechosetoexploretheseconceptsinPolicenauts.[5]KojimamixedhisspaceinterestswiththeaforementionedsocialissuestobuildthethematicbasisofPolicenautsandhopedtheplayerswouldponderthesetopics.[5] Earthwascalled"Home"inthegamewhilethespacecolonywasnamed"Beyond",nameschosentoreflectaparent-childrelationship."Beyond"alsoreferencesthecolony'sdistancefromHomeandthe25yearsprotagonistJonathanIngrampassedthroughduringhiscryosleep.Kojimahopedthatthesenameswouldreflectthepersistenceofhumansocietyandrelationships,evenafterextremetechnologicaladvances.[5]Thecolony'scylindricalshapewasinspiredbyGundam.[11]PolicenautswasoriginallytitledBeyond,butKonamichangedthenameaftertheywereunabletotrademarkit.[7] Kojima'sfamiliaritywithfilmandtelevisioninfluencedthecinematographyinPolicenauts.[5][11]Thoughnotattemptingtousevideogamesasavehicleforpresentingmovies,hewantedtofillwhatheperceivedtobealackofproductionqualityingames.Kojimaworkedtotaketheexcellenceofacting,lighting,direction,andstorytellinginfilmmakingandmatchthatqualityinhisgames.[5]HetookinspirationfromAmericanbuddytelevisionshowsheenjoyedgrowinguplikeStarsky&Hutch.[11]Thegamewasoriginallygoingtobemarketedasa"CinematicVirtualReality".Konamididatrademarksearchearlyindevelopmentthatturnedupempty,butby1994,the"VirtualReality"termhadbeentrademarkedsoitwasdropped.[7] Release[edit] ThePC-98version(top)featuresanimatedpixelart,whiletheconsoleversions(bottom)usecelanimation. PolicenautswasfirstreleasedforthePC-9821onJuly29,1994.[12]Kojimareceivedaletterfromahearing-impairedplayerafterrelease,upsetthatmoderngameslikePolicenautswithitsCD-ROMtechnologywerereplacinggametextwithactualspeech.Kojimaoriginallyomittedsubtitlestoevokeacinematicfeel,butheaddedthemforfollowingversionstosatisfytheplayers.[5]Thefirstportwasforthe3DOInteractiveMultiplayerandreleasedonSeptember29,1995.[4][13]Ashortdemowithagameglossary,artwork,anddesigndocumentswasreleasedonApril21,1995calledthePilotDisk.[4][14]The3DOversionandsubsequentconsoleportshadadropindisplayresolution,andusednewlyanimatedfullmotionvideoincontrasttotheanimatedstillsusedinthePCversion.[4]ThevisualswereanimatedbyAnimeInternationalCompanyusingtraditionalcelanimationtechniques.[1][4][15] ThegamewasportedasecondtimetothePlayStation,releasedonJanuary19,1996.[4][16]AbonusdisccalledPolicenautsPrivateCollectionwasreleasedconcurrentlywhichhasmostofthesamecontentasthe3DO'sPilotDiskbonusesplusstoryboardsandthegamescript,aswellasselectshootingsegmentsfromthemaingame.[4][15]Thefullmotionvideosinthisversionrunslowerat15framespersecond(FPS)comparedto24onthe3DO.[5]Somestorydetailsthatsuggestedsubplotswerealsoremoved.[5]ThePlayStationlaunchedwhileKonamiwasstilldevelopingPolicenautsforthePC-9821.[17]Seeingthesystem'spotential,KojimapromisedhimselfhewouldmakeaMetalGeargameforthesystem,thoughfirstheportedPolicenauts.[17]Incontrasttocomputergames,Sonyandotherconsolemanufacturersranqualitytestingongamesfortheirconsolestocheckforbugsandrategamecontent.WhenPolicenautswasbeingevaluated,ShuheiYoshidaofSonyComputerEntertainmenttoldKojimatheywerediscussingtheextentofbreastjigglinginthegame.[17]Thisversionwasre-issuedonAugust7,2003throughKonami'sonlinestore,[18]anditwasre-releaseddigitallyonPlayStationStoreonMay14,2008.[19] ThefinalportwasfortheSegaSaturn,releasedonSeptember13,1996.[4][20]Theversioncomespackagedinaslipcasecontainingthegamecaseitselfandahardboundartbook.[3][4]Italsoincludessomeadditionalscenesandsomemodifiedstorydetails,[4]includingthereadditionofremoveddetailsinthePlayStationversion.[5]KojimainsistedthattheSaturnporthaveincreasedvideofidelity,retainingthe3DO'soriginal24FPSandnotusingCinepakencoding.[5]Theportalsoincludeslightgunsupport,aconceptKojimahadsincetheinceptionofaSaturnport.[11]HishopewasthatplayerswouldfeelmoreemotionusingtheguninPolicenautsthaningameslikeLethalEnforcers(1992)whichhefeltdidnotevokeempathy.[5]TheSaturnversionalsohassomeofthecontentfeaturedinthePilotDiskandPrivateCollectionbonusdiscsreleasedonpreviousconsoles,suchassomeofthemaking-ofvideosandaninterviewwithvoiceactressKikukoInoue(unlockedaftercompletingthegameonce),aswellastheglossary,whichisnowaccessibleduringplay,allowingplayerstolookupkeywordswhenevertheyarefirstusedinthestory.[21] Localization[edit] AnofficialEnglishtranslationofPolicenautswasannouncedforreleaseontheSegaSaturnin1996inNorthAmerica.[3][22][23][24]Itappearedincatalogswithpromotionalboxartwork,butthegamenevermaterialized.[4]KojimadiscussedmakinganEnglishtranslationthreetimes,butencounteredtranslationdifficulties.Asheexplained,theJapanesedialoguewasparsedintophraseswithflagstheprogramcouldreference,andmakingEnglishdialogueworkwiththissystemwouldbetoodifficult.[25][26]AccordingtoJeremyBlaustein,whoworkedinKonami'sinternationalbusinessdepartmentandledthetranslationsofSnatcherandMetalGearSolid(1998),therewereneverplanstolocalizePolicenauts.[4][27]HepersonallyfeltitwasoneofKojima'sweakergames,notenjoyingthe"spacecowboy"themeandfeelingitlackedthetensionandhumorofSnatcher.[1]IndustryjournalistshavespeculatedinhindsightthatKonamimayhavepassedonlocalizationbecauseofSnatcher'scommercialfailureandPolicenauts'longscenesandprotracteddialogueduringaneraofheightenedconsumerinterestin3Dactiongames.[1][4] AfterthesuccessfulreleaseofMetalGearSolid,faninterestgrewinSnatcherandPolicenauts.[4]Around2000,apetitionontheKonamiofAmericaonlinemessageboardspromptedthesubsidiarytodiscusslocalizingPolicenautswithKonamiofJapan.TheirattemptswereunsuccessfulbecauseKojimadidnotwanttoworkonoldergames.[28]InresponsetothePSOnere-releasein2003,fansorganizedanemailcampaigntopressureKonamitolocalizethegameonceagain.TheirattemptwaspublicizedandsupportedbyIGN.[28] WorkonanEnglishfantranslationbeganin2002.InFebruary2007,theteamannounceditwasnearingcompletionwithaplannedreleaseforthesecondhalfoftheyear.[29]ThetranslationwasfinallyreleasedtwoyearslaterinAugust2009asapatchforthePlayStationversion.[30]Itcanbeplayedonanemulator,[2]oraPlayStationmodifiedtoreadCD-Rsbyrippingthegamefilesfromretaildiscs,applyingtheEnglishpatch,andburningthepatchedgametoCD-Rs.[30]BecausesomefansconsidertheSegaSaturnversionasuperiorport,fansreleasedatranslationpatchforitin2016.[31] Reception[edit] ReceptionReviewscoresPublicationScoreFamitsu30/40(PS)[32]32/40(SS)[33]GameFan94%,92%,100%(PS)[15]SegaSaturnMagazine(JP)8.33/10(SAT)[34] InJapan,criticspraisedPolicenautsforitshighlevelofpresentation.BothSegaSaturnMagazineandFamitsupraisedthequalityofanimation,voiceacting,anditsengrossingsetting.[34][35]SegaSaturnMagazinefeltitwasmorelikeamoviethanagameandpraiseditsuniqueblendofgenres,butfoundsomeofthetextdifficulttounderstandandwarnedthatitsheavyscientificwritingmaynotbesuitableforeveryone.[34]Famitsudescribedthenarrativeas"hardboiled".[35]BothpublicationsrecommendedPolicenautstofansofadventuregamesandanime.[34][35] ThegamewasalsoreviewedincontemporaryWesternpublicationsdespiteitslackoflocalization.ComputerandVideoGamespreviewedthe3DOversionandconsidereditasequeltoSnatcher.Theyfeltthegamehadaninterestingplot,"bizarreandinventive"characters,andappreciatedthe"levelofsenselessviolenceandgratuitousrudityofgraphics."[36]GameFanreviewedthePlayStationandSaturnports;theyfeltitpushedthegenreofinteractivemoviesbetterthanpreviousgamesinthegenreandpraisedthegame'sintricatetechnicaldetails,althoughtheycautionedthatitsspecificitymayputoffsomeplayers.Theyalsopraiseditssuspensefulstorytelling,andfeltitwasworthplayers'timeeventhoughitemphasizedtextoveraction.TheyconcludedthatPolicenautswas"amasterfulachievement,anear-futurescenariosointricatelydetailed,wellthoughtoutandfulloforiginalityitputsHollywood'sbestattemptsatsci-fitoshame."[3]Konamiwasbusyreleasingmanysportsgamesatthetime,soGameFanfeareditwouldnotbelocalized.[15] Retrospective[edit] Policenautshascontinuedtoreceivepraiseforitswritingandpresentationinretrospectivereviews.CriticshighlightedKojima'scinematicinfluencesfromsciencefictionfilms,buddycopfilms,andotherEasternandWesternfilms:inparticular,thecharacterdesignsdrewcomparisonstoLethalWeapon(1987).[1][2][4]MarkRyanSalleeofIGNcalledthegameamanifestationofKojima'sfilmobsessions,andaccomplishedinits"uniquedirectionandstrikingmoods"thankstothestrengthofitsanimationandvocalperformances.[37]Comparingthegame'sproductionvaluestoanimeofthemid-1990s,BobMackeyof1Up.comlikedhowthegametransitionedseamlesslybetweencutsceneandgameplay,andpreferredthisstyleofpresentationtogameswithhigh-qualitycinematicsthatdonotcomplementthegameplay.[1]N.HoSangandPeterTieryasofKotakuwrotethat"ItsflashesofLethalWeapon-esqueintriguegivewaytothedeepmetaphysicalmeanderingsthatmakesfortheusualKojimamindmeldontopoffantasticproductionvaluesandmesmerizingart."[38] Kojima'sfascinationwithspaceandfuturetechnologywasnotedinseveralreviews,andtheelaboratedetailplacedintodescribinghypotheticaltechnologiesandcommonplaceitemswasfrequentlysingledoutforpraise.[1][2]Criticsalsofeltthegame'sscientificterminologyanddarkthemeswerewell-translatedbyfansintoEnglish.[4][2]Regardingthegame'sstory,Salleewrotethatthe"somberdialogue"progresseditinauniqueway.[37]KurtKalataofHardcoreGaming101criticizedthestoryaspredictable,anddescribeditas"empty,merelyabuddycopfilmwithsomesci-fielements".[4]Parkinfoundthatdespiteostensiblybeingadetectivestory,thegame'snarrativewasthematicallyconcernedwithmiddleage,andwasfascinatedbythegame'sfocusonmiddle-agedcharactersasopposedtoadolescentsinmostothergames.[2]SamBishopofIGNalsopraisedthegame'sstrongcharacterization.[39] Thegamedidreceivesomecriticism.Somefeltitsmomentsofsexualhumor—notablytheoptionforJonathantogropethebreastsofmanyofthegame'sfemalecharacters―conflictedwithitsotherwiseserioustone;Mackeyexplainedthatthiswasaremnantofthegame'soriginalreleaseonJapanesecomputersduringatimewhenthemarketwasfloodedwithhentaigames.[1][2]Concerningcriticismsofitsslowpace,Mackeywrotethatthegamerequirespatience,whileKalatacriticizedthelackofadialogueskipoption.[1][4]Parkinwrotethatitsformatisoutdatedandnotforeveryone,butstillcalledit"atriumphofgentleinteractivestorytelling",andfeltitcouldbeenjoyedbythosewithinterestsin"thrillers,pointandclickadventures,sciencefictionhomageandJapaneseesoterica".[2] Legacy[edit] PolicenautswasnotwellknownintheWestuntilthefantranslationwasreleased2009.[1]Criticshaveexpressedinterestinare-releaseorsequel.[1][38][39]SamBishopofIGNincludeditamongalistofgameshewantedtoseereceiveahigh-definitionremaster.[39]N.HoSangandPeterTieryasofKotakuincludeditonalistofdesiredsequels,andexpressedinterestinaproperEnglishportoftheoriginal.[38]Writingin2013,JonLeoofGameSpotwrotethathewantedtoseethegamere-releasedforthePlayStation4,feelingitcouldbeagoodmainstreampushforvisualnovelsandadventuregames.[40]WhilestillworkingwithKonamiin2012,Kojimaexpressedinterestinexploringafollow-uptoPolicenauts,butfeltitwasdifficulttocarryoutfromabusinessperspective.[41]BobMackeyof1UP.comcriticizedKonamiforfailingtoacknowledgeorpursuelocalizationofPolicenautsandothernon-MetalGeargamesbyKojima.[1] Inretrospect,thegameisoftencalledaspiritualsuccessortoSnatcher.[2][37]SangandTieryaswrotethat"Snatcherwasamasterpiece.Policenautstookitastepfurther."[38]Bothhavebeencalledsomeofthebestsciencefictionworksingames,[2][39]andarecreditedforestablishingKojima'sstylethatpropelledhimtoexcellencewithhislatergames.[1][37][42]SomeofthePolicenautsstaffwentontoholdleaddevelopmentrolesonKojima'slaterefforts,includingtheZoneoftheEndersandMetalGearseries.[43]ThecharacterMerylSilverburghandtheTokugawaCorporationinPolicenautswererepurposedfortheMetalGearseries.[4][44] Notes[edit] ^Japanese:ポリスノーツ,Hepburn:Porisunōtsu References[edit] ^abcdefghijklmnopqMackey,Bob(January7,2013)."PolicenautsandHideoKojima'sAdventureGameRootsfrom1UP.com".1Up.com.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonNovember9,2017.RetrievedFebruary13,2019. ^abcdefghijParkin,Simon(September17,2009)."Policenauts".Eurogamer.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonDecember24,2018.RetrievedFebruary15,2019. ^abcdeTakuhi(December1996)."Review:Policenauts".GameFan.Vol. 4,no. 12.pp. 114–115. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstKalata,Kurt(December18,2010)."Policenauts–HardcoreGaming101".HardcoreGaming101.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonJanuary16,2019.RetrievedFebruary16,2019. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrsやっぱり、サターン版が一番可愛くなった.SegaSaturnMagazine(inJapanese).Vol. 15.September13,1996.pp. 200–201.(TranslationArchivedFebruary14,2019,attheWaybackMachine) ^Parkin,Simon(May24,2012)."HideoKojima:videogamedrop-out–interviewpart2".TheGuardian.ISSN 0261-3077.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonFebruary3,2014.RetrievedFebruary17,2019. ^abcGantayat,Anoop(August13,2012)."HideoKojima:PolicenautsWasOriginallyKnownasBeyond".Andriasang.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonDecember25,2012.RetrievedJuly1,2021. ^"監督小島秀夫が語るポリスノーツ".Konami.2003.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonFebruary17,2019.RetrievedFebruary5,2019. ^Hajari,Nisid(August6,1993)."RisingSunstirscontroversy".EntertainmentWeekly.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonOctober26,2018.RetrievedOctober25,2018. ^Ferrell,David;Tang,K.Connie(July31,1993)."ChargesofRacismMar'RisingSun'Opening".LosAngelesTimes.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonJune11,2018.RetrievedOctober26,2018. ^abcdSpecialTalkポリスノーツ公式ガイド.公式ガイドシリーズ(inJapanese).Konami.September1996.pp. 118–122.ISBN 4-87188-835-5. ^Raitā,Uwāman(July29,2020)."『ポリスノーツ』がPCで発売された日。

小島秀夫監督が手掛けた映画的な演出で魅せるSFハードボイルドアドベンチャーの傑作【今日は何の日？】".Famitsu(inJapanese).KadokawaGameLinkage.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonNovember2,2020.RetrievedJuly1,2021. ^"ポリスノーツ(3DO)".Famitsu.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonFebruary17,2019.RetrievedFebruary17,2019. ^"ポリスノーツパイロットディスク(3DO)".Famitsu.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonFebruary17,2019.RetrievedFebruary17,2019. ^abcd"Preview:Policenauts".GameFan.Vol. 4,no. 4.April1996.pp. 15,58–59. ^"ポリスノーツ(PS)".Famitsu.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonFebruary17,2019.RetrievedFebruary17,2019. ^abcNakamura,Toshi(December11,2014)."HideoKojima'sMemoriesofthePlayStation".Kotaku.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonAugust24,2016.RetrievedFebruary5,2019. ^Varanini,Giancarlo(July7,2003)."Policenautstoberereleased".GameSpot.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonFebruary17,2019.RetrievedFebruary5,2019. ^"POLICENAUTS".PlayStationStore.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonFebruary17,2019.RetrievedFebruary5,2019. ^"ポリスノーツ(セガサターン)".Famitsu.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonFebruary17,2019.RetrievedFebruary17,2019. ^セガサターン版ポリスノーツ取扱説明書(inJapanese).p. 16. ^Severin,Randy(May1996)."PolicenautsforSaturn".Konami.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonNovember9,1996. ^Cullen,Johnny(August24,2009)."PolicenautsfinallyplayableinEnglish...sortof".VG247.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonSeptember26,2015.RetrievedFebruary5,2019. ^McCarthy,Dave(January26,2009)."TheBestGamesThatNeverCameoutinBritain".IGN.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonJuly15,2018.RetrievedFebruary13,2019. ^SpecialTalkポリスノーツ公式ガイド.公式ガイドシリーズ(inJapanese).Konami.September1996.p. 120.ISBN 4-87188-835-5.文章の部分に関しては、文節単位で切ってプログラムでフラグをチェックしながら作りました。

だから、アメリカ版を作るはずだったんてすが翻訳できないんてすよ。

これまで3回ぐらい話があったんてすが、全部流れてしまいました。

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