Gospel of Matthew - Wikipedia

The Gospel of Matthew is the first book of the New Testament and one of the three synoptic Gospels. It tells how Israel's Messiah, Jesus, comes to his ... GospelofMatthew FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch BookoftheNewTestament Forthefilm,seeTheGospelAccordingtoSt.Matthew(film). Mattew21:34–37onPapyrus104(recto;c. AD150). PartofaseriesonBooksoftheNewTestamentPapyrus46,oneoftheoldestNewTestamentpapyri,showing2Cor11:33-12:9 GospelsandActs FourEvangelists MatthewMarkLukeJohn LukanActs ActsoftheApostles EpistlesandApocalypse Paulineepistles Romans 1Corinthians2Corinthians GalatiansEphesians PhilippiansColossians 1Thessalonians2Thessalonians 1Timothy2Timothy TitusPhilemon Hebrews Catholicepistles James 1Peter2Peter 1John2John3John Jude Apocalypse BookofRevelation Authorship Luke-ActsJohannineworks PaulineepistlesHebrews Petrineepistles Relatedtopics NewTestamentcanon NewTestamentmanuscripts SynopticGospels Johannineliterature(epistles) Pastoralepistles  Bibleportal Christianityportalvte TheGospelofMatthew[note1]isthefirstbookoftheNewTestamentandoneofthethreesynopticGospels.IttellshowIsrael'sMessiah,Jesus,comestohispeopleandformsacommunityofdisciples,ofhowhetaughtthepeoplethroughsucheventsastheSermonontheMountanditsBeatitudes,andhowIsraelbecomesdividedandhowJesuscondemnsthishostileIsrael.ThisculminatesinhisdeparturefromtheTempleandhisexecution.AtthispointmanypeoplerejectJesus,andonhisresurrectionhesendsthedisciplestothegentiles.[3] MatthewseemstoemphasizethattheJewishtraditionshouldnotbelostinachurchthatwasincreasinglybecominggentile.[4]Thegospelreflectsthestrugglesandconflictsbetweentheevangelist'scommunityandtheotherJews,particularlywithitssharpcriticismofthescribesandPharisees[5]withthepositionthatthroughtheirrejectionofChrist,theKingdomofGodhasbeentakenawayfromthemandgiveninsteadtothechurch.[6]ThedivinenatureofJesuswasamajorissuefortheMatthaeancommunity,thecrucialelementseparatingtheearlyChristiansfromtheirJewishneighbors;whileMarkbeginswithJesus'baptismandtemptations,MatthewgoesbacktoJesus'origins,showinghimastheSonofGodfromhisbirth,thefulfillmentofmessianicpropheciesoftheOldTestament.[7]ThetitleSonofDavididentifiesJesusasthehealingandmiracle-workingMessiahofIsrael(itisusedexclusivelyinrelationtomiracles),senttoIsraelalone.[8]AsSonofManhewillreturntojudgetheworld,anexpectationwhichhisdisciplesrecognizebutofwhichhisenemiesareunaware.[9]AsSonofGod,Godisrevealinghimselfthroughhisson,andJesusprovinghissonshipthroughhisobedienceandexample.[10] MostscholarsbelievethegospelwascomposedbetweenAD80and90,witharangeofpossibilitybetweenAD70to110;apre-70dateremainsaminorityview.[11][12]Theworkdoesnotidentifyitsauthor,andtheearlytraditionattributingittotheapostleMatthewisrejectedbymodernscholars.[13][14]HewasprobablyamaleJew,standingonthemarginbetweentraditionalandnon-traditionalJewishvalues,andfamiliarwithtechnicallegalaspectsofscripturebeingdebatedinhistime.[15]WritinginapolishedSemitic"synagogueGreek",hedrewontheGospelofMarkasasource,plusthehypotheticalcollectionofsayingsknownastheQsource(materialsharedwithLukebutnotwithMark)andmaterialuniquetohisowncommunity,calledtheMsourceor"SpecialMatthew".[16][17] Contents 1Composition 1.1Setting 2Structureandcontent 2.1Structure:narrativeanddiscourses 2.2Prologue:genealogy,Nativityandinfancy(Matt.1–2) 2.3FirstnarrativeandSermonontheMount(Matt.3:1–8:1) 2.4Secondnarrativeanddiscourse(Matt.8:2–11:1) 2.5Thirdnarrativeanddiscourse(Matt.11:2–13:53) 2.6Fourthnarrativeanddiscourse(Matt.13:54–19:1) 2.7Fifthnarrativeanddiscourse(Matt.19:2–26:1) 2.8Conclusion:Passion,ResurrectionandGreatCommission(Matt.26:2–28:20) 3Theology 3.1Christology 3.2RelationshipwiththeJews 4Comparisonwithotherwritings 4.1Christologicaldevelopment 4.2Chronology 4.3Canonicalpositioning 5Seealso 6Notes 7References 7.1Citations 7.2Sources 8Externallinks Composition[edit] Papyrus𝔓4,fragmentofaflyleafwiththetitleoftheGospelofMatthew,ευαγγελιονκ̣ατ̣αμαθ᾽θαιον(euangelionkataMaththaion).Datedtolate2ndorearly3rdcentury,itistheearliestmanuscripttitleforMatthew ThetraditionalattributiontotheapostleMatthew,firstattestedbyPapiasofHierapolis(attestationdatedc.125AD),[18]isrejectedbymodernscholars,[13][14]andthemajorityviewtodayisthattheauthorwasananonymousmaleJewwritinginthelastquarterofthe1stcenturyfamiliarwithtechnicallegalaspectsofscripture,andstandingonthemarginbetweentraditionalandnon-traditionalJewishvalues.[19][15][note2]ThemajorityalsobelievethatMarkwasthefirstgospeltobecomposedandthatMatthew(whoincludessome600ofMark's661verses)andLukebothdrewuponitasamajorsourcefortheirworks.[20][21]TheauthorofMatthewdidnot,however,simplycopyMark,butuseditasabase,emphasizingJesus'placeintheJewishtraditionandincludingdetailsnotfoundinMark.[22] Thereareanadditional220(approximately)verses,sharedbyMatthewandLukebutnotfoundinMark,fromasecondsource,ahypotheticalcollectionofsayingstowhichscholarsgivethename"Quelle"("source"intheGermanlanguage),ortheQsource.[23]Thisview,knownasthetwo-sourcehypothesis(MarkandQ),allowsforafurtherbodyoftraditionknownas"SpecialMatthew",ortheMsource,meaningmaterialuniquetoMatthew;thismayrepresentaseparatesource,oritmaycomefromtheauthor'schurch,orhemayhavecomposedtheseverseshimself.[21]TheauthoralsohadtheGreekscripturesathisdisposal,bothasbook-scrolls(GreektranslationsofIsaiah,thePsalmsetc.)andintheformof"testimonycollections"(collectionsofexcerpts),andtheoralstoriesofhiscommunity.[24] Setting[edit] ThegospelofMatthewisaworkofthesecondgenerationofChristians,forwhomthedefiningeventwasthedestructionofJerusalemandtheTemplebytheRomansinAD70inthecourseoftheFirstJewish–RomanWar(AD66–73);fromthispointon,whathadbegunwithJesusofNazarethasaJewishmessianicmovementbecameanincreasinglygentilephenomenonevolvingintimeintoaseparatereligion.[25]ThecommunitytowhichMatthewbelonged,likemany1st-centuryChristians,wasstillpartofthelargerJewishcommunity:hencethedesignationJewishChristiantodescribethem.[26]TherelationshipofMatthewtothiswiderworldofJudaismremainsasubjectofstudyandcontention,theprincipalquestionbeingtowhatextent,ifany,Matthew'scommunityhadcutitselfofffromitsJewishroots.[27]CertainlytherewasconflictbetweenMatthew'sgroupandotherJewishgroups,anditisgenerallyagreedthattherootoftheconflictwastheMatthewcommunity'sbeliefinJesusastheMessiahandauthoritativeinterpreterofthelaw,asonerisenfromthedeadanduniquelyendowedwithdivineauthority.[28] TheauthorwroteforacommunityofGreek-speakingJewishChristianslocatedprobablyinSyria(Antioch,thelargestcityinRomanSyriaandthethird-largestintheempire,isoftenmentioned).[29]UnlikeMark,MatthewneverbotherstoexplainJewishcustoms,sincehisintendedaudiencewasaJewishone;unlikeLuke,whotracesJesus'ancestrybacktoAdam,fatherofthehumanrace,hetracesitonlytoAbraham,fatheroftheJews;ofhisthreepresumedsourcesonly"M",thematerialfromhisowncommunity,referstoa"church"(ecclesia),anorganisedgroupwithrulesforkeepingorder;andthecontentof"M"suggeststhatthiscommunitywasstrictinkeepingtheJewishlaw,holdingthattheymustexceedthescribesandthePhariseesin"righteousness"(adherencetoJewishlaw).[30]WritingfromwithinaJewish-ChristiancommunitygrowingincreasinglydistantfromotherJewsandbecomingincreasinglygentileinitsmembershipandoutlook,Matthewputdowninhisgospelhisvision"ofanassemblyorchurchinwhichbothJewandGentilewouldflourishtogether".[31] Structureandcontent[edit] Structure:narrativeanddiscourses[edit] Matthew,aloneamongthegospels,alternatesfiveblocksofnarrativewithfiveofdiscourse,markingeachoffwiththephrase"WhenJesushadfinished..."[32](seeFiveDiscoursesofMatthew).SomescholarsseeinthisadeliberateplantocreateaparalleltothefirstfivebooksoftheOldTestament;othersseeathree-partstructurebasedaroundtheideaofJesusasMessiah;orasetofweeklyreadingsspreadoutovertheyear;ornoplanatall.[33]DaviesandAllison,intheirwidelyusedcommentary,drawattentiontotheuseof"triads"(thegospelgroupsthingsinthrees),[34]andR.T.France,inanotherinfluentialcommentary,notesthegeographicmovementfromGalileetoJerusalemandback,withthepost-resurrectionappearancesinGalileeastheculminationofthewholestory.[35] Prologue:genealogy,Nativityandinfancy(Matt.1–2)[edit] Mainarticles:GenealogyofJesusandNativityofJesus TheGospelofMatthewbeginswiththewords"TheBookofGenealogy[inGreek,"Genesis"]ofJesusChrist",deliberatelyechoingthewordsofGenesis2:4intheOldTestamentinGreek.[note3]ThegenealogytellsofJesus'descentfromAbrahamandKingDavidandthemiraculouseventssurroundinghisvirginbirth,[note4]andtheinfancynarrativetellsofthemassacreoftheinnocents,theflightintoEgypt,andeventualjourneytoNazareth. FirstnarrativeandSermonontheMount(Matt.3:1–8:1)[edit] Mainarticles:BaptismofJesusandSermonontheMount Thefirstnarrativesectionbegins.JohntheBaptistbaptizesJesus,andtheHolySpiritdescendsuponhim.Jesuspraysandmeditatesinthewildernessforfortydays,andistemptedbySatan.HisearlyministrybywordanddeedinGalileemeetswithmuchsuccess,andleadstotheSermonontheMount,thefirstofthediscourses.ThesermonpresentstheethicsofthekingdomofGod,introducedbytheBeatitudes("Blessedare...").Itconcludeswithareminderthattheresponsetothekingdomwillhaveeternalconsequences,andthecrowd'samazedresponseleadsintothenextnarrativeblock.[36] Secondnarrativeanddiscourse(Matt.8:2–11:1)[edit] FromtheauthoritativewordsofJesus,thegospelturnstothreesetsofthreemiraclesinterwovenwithtwosetsoftwodiscipleshipstories(thesecondnarrative),followedbyadiscourseonmissionandsuffering.[37]JesuscommissionstheTwelveDisciplesandsendsthemtopreachtotheJews,performmiracles,andprophesytheimminentcomingoftheKingdom,commandingthemtotravellightly,withoutstafforsandals.[38] Thirdnarrativeanddiscourse(Matt.11:2–13:53)[edit] OppositiontoJesuscomestoaheadwithaccusationsthathisdeedsaredonethroughthepowerofSatan.JesusinturnaccuseshisopponentsofblasphemingtheHolySpirit.ThediscourseisasetofparablesemphasizingthesovereigntyofGod,andconcludingwithachallengetothedisciplestounderstandtheteachingsasscribesoftheKingdomofHeaven.[39](MatthewavoidsusingtheholywordGodintheexpression"KingdomofGod";insteadhepreferstheterm"KingdomofHeaven",reflectingtheJewishtraditionofnotspeakingthenameofGod).[40] Fourthnarrativeanddiscourse(Matt.13:54–19:1)[edit] Seealso:ConfessionofPeter ThefourthnarrativesectionrevealsthattheincreasingoppositiontoJesuswillresultinhiscrucifixioninJerusalem,andthathisdisciplesmustthereforeprepareforhisabsence.[41]Theinstructionsforthepost-crucifixionchurchemphasizeresponsibilityandhumility.Thissectioncontainsthetwofeedingsofthemultitude(Matthew14:13–21and15:32–39)alongwiththenarrativeinwhichSimon,newlyrenamedPeter(Πέτρος,Petros,meaning"stone"),callsJesus"theChrist,thesonofthelivingGod",andJesusstatesthatonthis"bedrock"(πέτρα,petra)hewillbuildhischurch(Matthew16:13–19). Matthew16:13–19formsthefoundationforthepapacy'sclaimofauthority.[citationneeded] Fifthnarrativeanddiscourse(Matt.19:2–26:1)[edit] Mainarticle:SecondComing JesustravelstowardJerusalem,andtheoppositionintensifies:heistestedbyPhariseesassoonashebeginstomovetowardsthecity,andwhenhearrivesheissooninconflictwiththeTemple'stradersandreligiousleaders.HeteachesintheTemple,debatingwiththechiefpriestsandreligiousleadersandspeakinginparablesabouttheKingdomofGodandthefailingsofthechiefpriestsandthePharisees.TheHerodiancaucusalsobecomeinvolvedinaschemetoentangleJesus,[42]butJesus'carefulresponsetotheirenquiry,"RenderthereforetoCaesarthethingsthatareCaesar's,andtoGodthethingsthatareGod's",[43]leavesthemmarvelingathiswords.[44] Thedisciplesaskaboutthefuture,andinhisfinaldiscourse(theOlivetDiscourse)Jesusspeaksofthecomingend.[45]TherewillbefalseMessiahs,earthquakes,andpersecutions,thesun,moon,andstarswillfail,but"thisgeneration"willnotpassawaybeforeallthepropheciesarefulfilled.[38]Thedisciplesmuststeelthemselvesforministrytoallthenations.Attheendofthediscourse,MatthewnotesthatJesushasfinishedallhiswords,andattentionturnstothecrucifixion.[45] Conclusion:Passion,ResurrectionandGreatCommission(Matt.26:2–28:20)[edit] TheeventsofJesus'lastweekoccupyathirdofthecontentofallfourgospels.[46]JesusentersJerusalemintriumphanddrivesthemoneychangersfromthetemple,holdsalastsupper,praystobesparedthecomingagony(butconcludes"ifthiscupmaynotpassawayfromme,exceptIdrinkit,thywillbedone"),andisbetrayed.HeistriedbytheJewishleaders(theSanhedrin)andbeforePontiusPilate,andPilatewasheshishandstoindicatethathedoesnotassumeresponsibility.JesusiscrucifiedaskingoftheJews,mockedbyall.Onhisdeaththereisanearthquake,theveiloftheTempleisrent,andsaintsrisefromtheirtombs.MaryMagdaleneandanotherMarydiscovertheemptytomb,guardedbyanangel,andJesushimselftellsthemtotellthedisciplestomeethiminGalilee. AftertheresurrectiontheremainingdisciplesreturntoGalilee,"tothemountainthatJesushadappointed",wherehecomestothemandtellsthemthathehasbeengiven"allauthorityinheavenandonEarth."HegivestheGreatCommission:"Thereforegoandmakedisciplesofallthenations,baptizingtheminthenameoftheFatherandoftheSonandoftheHolySpirit,teachingthemtoobeyeverythingthatIhavecommandedyou".Jesuswillbewiththem"totheveryendoftheage".[47] Theology[edit] Christology[edit] ChristologyisthetheologicaldoctrineofChrist,"theaffirmationsanddefinitionsofChrist'shumanityanddeity".[48]ThereareavarietyofChristologiesintheNewTestament,albeitwithasinglecentre—JesusisthefigureinwhomGodhasactedformankind'ssalvation.[49] MatthewhastakenoverhiskeyChristologicaltextsfromMark,butsometimeshehaschangedthestorieshefoundinMark,givingevidenceofhisownconcerns.[50]ThetitleSonofDavididentifiesJesusasthehealingandmiracle-workingMessiahofIsrael(itisusedexclusivelyinrelationtomiracles),andtheJewishmessiahissenttoIsraelalone.[8]AsSonofManhewillreturntojudgetheworld,afacthisdisciplesrecognisebutofwhichhisenemiesareunaware.[9]AsSonofGodheisnamedImmanuel(Godwithus),[51]Godrevealinghimselfthroughhisson,andJesusprovinghissonshipthroughhisobedienceandexample.[10] RelationshipwiththeJews[edit] Matthew'sprimeconcernwasthattheJewishtraditionshouldnotbelostinachurchthatwasincreasinglybecominggentile.[4]ThisconcernliesbehindthefrequentcitationsofJewishscripture,theevocationofJesusasthenewMosesalongwithothereventsfromJewishhistory,andtheconcerntopresentJesusasfulfilling,notdestroying,theLaw.[52]MatthewmusthavebeenawareofthetendencytodistortPaul'steachingofthelawnolongerhavingpowerovertheNewTestamentChristianintoantinomianism,andaddressedChrist'sfulfillingofwhattheIsraelitesexpectedfromthe"LawandtheProphets"inaneschatologicalsense,inthathewasallthattheOldTestamenthadpredictedintheMessiah.[53] Thegospelhasbeeninterpretedasreflectingthestrugglesandconflictsbetweentheevangelist'scommunityandtheotherJews,particularlywithitssharpcriticismofthescribesandPharisees.[5]IttellshowIsrael'sMessiah,rejectedandexecutedinIsrael,pronouncesjudgmentonIsraelanditsleadersandbecomesthesalvationofthegentiles.[54]PriortothecrucifixionofJesus,theJewsarereferredtoasIsraelites—thehonorifictitleofGod'schosenpeople.Afterit,theyarecalledIoudaios(Jews),asignthat—duetotheirrejectionoftheChrist—the"KingdomofHeaven"hasbeentakenawayfromthemandgiveninsteadtothechurch.[6] Comparisonwithotherwritings[edit] Seealso:GospelofPseudo-Matthew Christologicaldevelopment[edit] ThedivinenatureofJesuswasamajorissueforthecommunityofMatthew,thecrucialelementmarkingthemfromtheirJewishneighbors.Earlyunderstandingsofthisnaturegrewasthegospelswerebeingwritten.Beforethegospels,thatunderstandingwasfocusedontherevelationofJesusasGodinhisresurrection,butthegospelsreflectabroadenedfocusextendedbackwardsintime.[7] MatthewisacreativereinterpretationofMark,[55]stressingJesus'teachingsasmuchashisacts,[56]andmakingsubtlechangesinordertostresshisdivinenature:forexample,Mark's"youngman"whoappearsatJesus'tombbecomes"aradiantangel"inMatthew.[57]ThemiraclestoriesinMarkdonotdemonstratethedivinityofJesus,butratherconfirmhisstatusasanemissaryofGod(whichwasMark'sunderstandingoftheMessiah).[58] Chronology[edit] ThereisabroaddisagreementoverchronologybetweenMatthew,MarkandLukeononehandandJohnontheother:allfouragreethatJesus'publicministrybeganwithanencounterwithJohntheBaptist,butMatthew,MarkandLukefollowthiswithanaccountofteachingandhealinginGalilee,thenatriptoJerusalemwherethereisanincidentintheTemple,climaxingwiththecrucifixiononthedayofthePassoverholiday.John,bycontrast,putstheTempleincidentveryearlyinJesus'ministry,hasseveraltripstoJerusalem,andputsthecrucifixionimmediatelybeforethePassoverholiday,onthedaywhenthelambsforthePassovermealwerebeingsacrificedinTemple.[59] Canonicalpositioning[edit] TheearlypatristicscholarsregardedMatthewastheearliestofthegospelsandplaceditfirstinthecanon,andtheearlyChurchmostlyquotedfromMatthew,secondarilyfromJohn,andonlydistantlyfromMark.[60] Seealso[edit] AuthorshipoftheBible GospeloftheEbionites GospeloftheHebrews GospeloftheNazarenes HebrewGospelhypothesis TheVisualBible:Matthew IlvangelosecondoMatteo,afilmbyPierPaoloPasolini Jewish–Christiangospels ListofomittedBibleverses ListofGospels SermonontheMount StMatthewPassion–anoratoriobyJ.S.Bach TextualvariantsintheGospelofMatthew ShemTob'sHebrewGospelofMatthew Notes[edit] ^ThebookissometimescalledtheGospelaccordingtoMatthew(Greek:ΚατὰΜατθαῖον/ΜαθθαῖονΕὐαγγέλιον,romanized: KatàMat(h)thaîonEuangélion),orsimplyMatthew.[1]Itismostcommonlyabbreviatedas"Matt."[2] ^Thisviewisbasedonthreearguments:(a)thesettingreflectsthefinalseparationofChurchandSynagogue,about85AD;(b)itreflectsthecaptureofJerusalemanddestructionoftheTemplebytheRomansin70AD;(c)itusesMark,usuallydatedaround70AD,asasource.(SeeR.T.France(2007),TheGospelofMatthew,p.18.)Francehimselfisnotconvincedbythemajority–seehisCommentary,pp.18–19.Allisonaddsthat"IgnatiusofAntioch,theDidache,andPapias—allfromthefirstpartofthesecondcentury—showknowledgeofMatthew,whichaccordinglymusthavebeencomposedbefore100CE.(Seee.g.Ign.,Smyrn.1;Did.8.2.)"SeeDaleAllison,"Matthew"inMuddimanandBarton'sTheGospels(OxfordBibleCommentary),Oxford2010,p. 27. ^France,p.26note1,andp.28:"ThefirsttwowordsofMatthew'sgospelareliterally"bookofgenesis". ^France,p.28note7:"AllMSSandversionsagreeinmakingitexplicitthatJosephwasnotJesus'father,withtheoneexceptionofsys,whichreads"Joseph,towhomwasbetrothedMarythevirgin,begotJesus." References[edit] Citations[edit] ^ESVPewBible.Wheaton,IL:Crossway.2018.p. 807.ISBN 978-1-4335-6343-0.Archivedfromtheoriginalon3June2021. ^"BibleBookAbbreviations".LogosBibleSoftware.Archivedfromtheoriginalon21April2022.Retrieved21April2022. ^Luz2005b,pp. 233–34. ^abDavies&Allison1997,p. 722. ^abBurkett2002,p. 182. ^abStrecker2000,pp. 369–70. ^abPeppard2011,p. 133. ^abLuz1995,pp. 86,111. ^abLuz1995,pp. 91,97. ^abLuz1995,p. 93. ^Duling2010,pp. 298–99. ^France2007,p. 19. ^abBurkett2002,p. 174. ^abDuling2010,pp. 301–02. ^abDuling2010,p. 302. ^Duling2010,p. 306. ^Burkett2002,p. 175-176. ^Keith2016,p. 92. ^Davies&Allison1988,p. 128. ^Turner2008,pp. 6–7. ^abSenior1996,p. 22. ^Harrington1991,pp. 5–6. ^McMahon2008,p. 57. ^Beaton2005,p. 116. ^Scholtz2009,pp. 34–35. ^Saldarini1994,p. 4. ^Senior2001,pp. 7–8,72. ^Senior2001,p. 11. ^Nolland2005,p. 18. ^Burkett2002,pp. 180–81. ^Senior2001,p. 19. ^Turner2008,p. 9. ^Davies&Allison1988,pp. 59–61. ^Davies&Allison1988,pp. 62ff. ^France2007,pp. 2ff. ^Turner2008,p. 101. ^Turner2008,p. 226. ^abHarris1985. ^Turner2008,p. 285. ^Browning2004,p. 248. ^Turner2008,p. 265. ^Bible,Matthew22:15–16 ^Bible,Matthew22:21 ^Bible,Matthew22:22 ^abTurner2008,p. 445. ^Turner2008,p. 613. ^Turner2008,pp. 687–88. ^Levison&Pope-Levison2009,p. 167. ^Fuller2001,pp. 68–69. ^Tuckett2001,p. 119. ^Bible,(Matthew1:23 ^Senior2001,pp. 17–18. ^France2007,pp. 179–81,185–86. ^Luz2005b,pp. 17. ^Beaton2005,p. 117. ^Morris1986,p. 114. ^Beaton2005,p. 123. ^Aune1987,p. 59. ^Levine2001,p. 373. ^Edwards2002,p. 2. 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Clarke,HowardW.(2003).TheGospelofMatthewandItsReaders.IndianaUniversityPress.ISBN 978-0-253-34235-5. Cross,FrankL.;Livingstone,ElizabethA.,eds.(2005)[1997]."Matthew,Gospelacc.toSt.".TheOxfordDictionaryoftheChristianChurch(3 ed.).OxfordUniversityPress.p. 1064.ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3.Archivedfromtheoriginalon23September2015.Retrieved14November2015. Davies,WilliamDavid;Allison,DaleC.(1988).ACriticalandExegeticalCommentaryontheGospelAccordingtoSaintMatthew.Vol. I:IntroductionandCommentaryonMatthewI–VII.T&TClarkLtd.ISBN 978-0-567-09481-0. ——;——(1999)[1991].ACriticalandExegeticalCommentaryontheGospelAccordingtoSaintMatthew.Vol. II:CommentaryonMatthewVIII–XVIII.T&TClarkLtd.ISBN 978-0-567-09545-9. ——;——(1997).ACriticalandExegeticalCommentaryontheGospelAccordingtoSaintMatthew.Vol. III:CommentaryonMatthewXIX–XXVIII.T&TClarkLtd.ISBN 978-0-567-08518-4. Duling,DennisC.(2010)."TheGospelofMatthew".InAune,DavidE.(ed.).TheBlackwellCompaniontotheNewTestament.Wiley-Blackwell.ISBN 978-1-4051-0825-6. Dunn,JamesD.G.(2003).JesusRemembered.Eerdmans.ISBN 978-0-8028-3931-2. Edwards,James(2002).TheGospelAccordingtoMark.Wm.B.EerdmansPublishing.ISBN 978-0-85111-778-2. Ehrman,BartD.(1999).Jesus:ApocalypticProphetoftheNewMillennium.OxfordUniversityPress.ISBN 978-0-19-512474-3. ——(2009).MisquotingJesus:TheStoryBehindWhoChangedtheBibleandWhy.HarperCollins.ISBN 978-0-06-197702-2. ——(2012).DidJesusExist?:TheHistoricalArgumentforJesusofNazareth.HarperCollins.ISBN 978-0-06-220460-8. France,R.T(2007).TheGospelofMatthew.Eerdmans.ISBN 978-0-8028-2501-8. Harrington,DanielJ.(1991).TheGospelofMatthew.LiturgicalPress.ISBN 978-0-8146-5803-1. Farrer,AustinM.(1955)."OnDispensingWithQ".InNineham,DennisE.(ed.).StudiesintheGospels:EssaysinMemoryofR.H.Lightfoot.Oxford.pp. 55–88. Fuller,ReginaldH.(2001)."BiblicalTheology".InMetzger,BruceM.;Coogan,MichaelD.(eds.).TheOxfordGuidetoIdeas&IssuesoftheBible.OxfordUniversityPress.ISBN 978-0-19-514917-3. Goodacre,Mark(2002).TheCaseAgainstQ:StudiesinMarkanPriorityandtheSynopticProblem.TrinityPressInternational.ISBN 1-56338-334-9. Hagner,D.A.(1986)."Matthew,GospelAccordingtoMatthew".InBromiley,GeoffreyW.(ed.).InternationalStandardBibleEncyclopedia,Vol.3:K–P.Wm.B.Eerdmans.ISBN 978-0-8028-8163-2. Harris,StephenL.(1985).UnderstandingtheBible.PaloAlto:Mayfield. Keith,Chris(2016)."ThePericopeAdulterae:Atheoryofattentiveinsertion".InBlack,DavidAlan;Cerone,JacobN.(eds.).ThePericopeoftheAdulteressinContemporaryResearch.TheLibraryofNewTestamentStudies.BloomsburyPublishing.p. 92.ISBN 978-0-567-66580-5. Kupp,DavidD.(1996).Matthew'sEmmanuel:DivinePresenceandGod'sPeopleintheFirstGospel.CambridgeUniversityPress.ISBN 978-0-521-57007-7. Levine,Amy-Jill(2001)."Visionsofkingdoms:FromPompeytothefirstJewishrevolt".InCoogan,MichaelD.(ed.).TheOxfordHistoryoftheBiblicalWorld.OxfordUniversityPress.ISBN 978-0-19-513937-2. Levison,J.;Pope-Levison,P.(2009)."Christology".InDyrness,WilliamA.;Kärkkäinen,Veli-Matti(eds.).GlobalDictionaryofTheology.InterVarsityPress.ISBN 978-0-8308-7811-6. Luz,Ulrich(1989).Matthew1–7.Matthew:ACommentary.Vol. 1.TranslatedbyLinss,WilhelmC.Minneapolis:FortressPress.ISBN 978-0-8066-2402-0. ——(1995).TheTheologyoftheGospelofMatthew.CambridgeUniversityPress.ISBN 978-0-521-43576-5. ——(2001).Matthew8–20.Matthew:ACommentary.Vol. 2.Minneapolis:FortressPress.ISBN 978-0-8006-6034-5. ——(2005a).Matthew21–28.Matthew:ACommentary.Vol. 3.Minneapolis:FortressPress.ISBN 978-0-8006-3770-5. ——(2005b).StudiesinMatthew.Eerdmans.ISBN 978-0-8028-3964-0. McMahon,Christopher(2008)."IntroductiontotheGospelsandActsoftheApostles".InRuff,Jerry(ed.).UnderstandingtheBible:AGuidetoReadingtheScriptures.CambridgeUniversityPress.ISBN 978-0-88489-852-8. Morris,Leon(1986).NewTestamentTheology.Zondervan.ISBN 978-0-310-45571-4. Peppard,Michael(2011).TheSonofGodintheRomanWorld:DivineSonshipinItsSocialandPoliticalContext.OxfordUniversityPress.ISBN 978-0-19-975370-3. Perkins,Pheme(1997)."TheSynopticGospelsandtheActsoftheApostles:TellingtheChristianStory".InKee,HowardClark(ed.).TheCambridgeCompaniontoBiblicalInterpretation.CambridgeUniversityPress.ISBN 0-521-48593-2. Saldarini,Anthony(2003).Dunn,JamesD.G.;Rogerson,JohnWilliam(eds.).EerdmansCommentaryontheBible.Eerdmans.ISBN 9780802837110. Keener,CraigS.(1999).AcommentaryontheGospelofMatthew.Eerdmans.ISBN 978-0-8028-3821-6. Morris,Leon(1992).TheGospelaccordingtoMatthew.Eerdmans.ISBN 978-0-85111-338-8. Nolland,John(2005).TheGospelofMatthew:ACommentaryontheGreekText.Eerdmans.ISBN 978-0-8028-2389-2. Saunders,StanleyP.(2009)."Matthew".InO’Day,Gail(ed.).TheologicalBibleCommentary.WestminsterJohnKnoxPress.ISBN 978-0-664-22711-1. Saldarini,Anthony(1994).Matthew'sChristian-JewishCommunity.UniversityofChicagoPress.ISBN 978-0-226-73421-7. Sanford,ChristopherB.(2005).Matthew:ChristianRabbi.AuthorHouse.ISBN 978-1-4208-8371-8. Scholtz,Donald(2009).JesusintheGospelsandActs:IntroducingtheNewTestament.SaintMary'sPress.ISBN 978-0-88489-955-6. Senior,Donald(2001)."DirectionsinMattheanStudies".InAune,DavidE.(ed.).TheGospelofMatthewinCurrentStudy:StudiesinMemoryofWilliamG.Thompson,S.J.Eerdmans.ISBN 0-8028-4673-4. Senior,Donald(1996).WhataretheysayingaboutMatthew?.PaulistPress.ISBN 978-0-8091-3624-7. Stanton,Graham(1993).Agospelforanewpeople:studiesinMatthew.WestminsterJohnKnoxPress.ISBN 978-0-664-25499-5. Strecker,Georg(2000)[1996].TheologyoftheNewTestament.WalterdeGruyter.ISBN 978-0-664-22336-6. Tuckett,ChristopherMark(2001).ChristologyandtheNewTestament:JesusandHisEarliestFollowers.WestminsterJohnKnoxPress.ISBN 9780664224318. Turner,DavidL.(2008).Matthew.Baker.ISBN 978-0-8010-2684-3. VandeSandt,H.W.M.(2005)."Introduction".MatthewandtheDidache:TwoDocumentsfromtheSameJewish-ChristianMilieu ?.ISBN 90-232-4077-4.,inVandeSandt,H.W.M.,ed.(2005).MatthewandtheDidache.RoyalVanGorcum&FortressPress.ISBN 978-90-232-4077-8. Wallace,DanielB.,ed.(2011).RevisitingtheCorruptionoftheNewTestament:Manuscript,Patristic,andApocryphalEvidence.TextandcanonoftheNewTestament.KregelAcademic.ISBN 978-0-8254-8906-8. Weren,Wim(2005)."TheHistoryandSocialSettingoftheMattheanCommunity".MatthewandtheDidache:TwoDocumentsfromtheSameJewish-ChristianMilieu ?.ISBN 90-232-4077-4.,inVandeSandt,H.W.M,ed.(2005).MatthewandtheDidache.RoyalVanGorcum&FortressPress.ISBN 978-90-232-4077-8. Externallinks[edit] Biblegateway.com(opensatMatt.1:1,NIV) AtextualcommentaryontheGospelofMatthewDetailedtext-criticaldiscussionofthe300mostimportantvariantsoftheGreektext(PDF,438pages). EarlyChristianWritingsGospelofMatthew:introductionsande-texts. 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